开设实验选修课培养学生创新能力

介绍了复旦大学物理教学实验中心为培养学生创新能力开设的4门实验选修课的特点、要求以及在培养学生创新能力方面取得的成效。     

The role of multiple solution tasks in developing knowledge and creativity in geometry

This paper describes changes in students’ geometrical knowledge and their creativity associated with implementation of Multiple Solution Tasks (MSTs) in school geometry courses. Three hundred and three students from 14 geometry classes participated in the study, of whom 229 students from 11 classes learned in an experimental environment that employed MSTs while the rest learned without any special intervention in the course of one school year. This longitudinal study compares the development of knowledge and creativity between the experimental and control groups as reflected in students’ written tests. Geometry knowledge was measured by the correctness and connectedness of the solutions presented. The criteria for creativity were: fluency, flexibility, and originality. The findings show that students’ connectedness as well as their fluency and flexibility benefited from implementation of MSTs. The study supports the idea that originality is a more internal characteristic than fluency and flexibility, and therefore more related with creativity and less dynamic. Nevertheless, the MSTs approach provides greater opportunity for potentially creative students to present their creative products than conventional learning environment. Cluster analysis of the experimental group identified three clusters that correspond to three levels of student performance, according to the five measured criteria in pre- and post-tests, and showed that, with the exception of originality, performance in all three clusters generally improved on the various criteria.     

数值分析课程教学的实践与认识

本文针对数值分析课程的特点，结合自身的教学实践和体会，给出了实际教学过程中的三个方面的具体做法．     

基于计算化学的探究式共价键教学设计

针对共价键教学中存在的问题,探讨了将计算化学技术作为探究工具,引入到共价键探究教学过程中。通过共价键形成过程中轨道重叠程度、键长和体系能量变化等数据,深刻揭示共价键成键的本质,给学生专家级的探究体验。同时强调化学学科方法思想和知识准备的作用,使探究活动更具科学价值。     

2021年北京学业水平等级性考试化学卷命题理念的分析*

结合典型试题分析,从基础知识的融会贯通、学科能力的有效发展、学科思想的深入渗透等3个方面,探讨了2021年北京学业水平等级性考试化学卷的命题理念。说明了试题在营造良好教考互动生态、破除机械刷题、衔接高等教育和中学教育过程中发挥的积极作用。     

将元认知训练融入大学物理设计性实验教学中的探索

在大学物理设计实验中对学生进行元认知训练探索表明,元认知训练对培养学生独立完成设计性实验的动手能力以及自主创新意识的形成有着显著的作用。     

George Dantzig in the development of economic analysis

The role of optimization is central to economic analysis, particularly in its “neoclassical” phase, since about 1870, and is therefore highly compatible with the impulse behind linear programming (LP), as developed by Dantzig. LP’s stress on alternative activities fits very well with modern economic analysis. The concept of economic equilibrium, properly understood, required the central notion of complementary slackness. so central in LP.

LP was seen as a tool for actual implementation of neoclassical principles precisely at a time when the market was under attack from several directions. The economists Koopmans and Hurwicz played an important role both in stimulating the crucial development of the simplex method and in relating LP to the world of economics.

LP became widely used in national economic planning, particularly for developing countries, and for the study of individual industries, especially the energy sector. The works of Chenery and of Manne are central in these fields.

As respect for the usefulness of the market increased, the emphasis on national planning diminished and was replaced by an emphasis on equilibrium analysis, in which LP still plays a large part in the study of individual sectors, particularly energy.     

在常微分方程教学中融入数学建模思想的探索与实践

结合常微分方程理论性强和应用性强的特点,探索如何在教材、教学方法等方面融入数学建模思想的方法.     

复合场中的滚轮线

带电质点在正交的匀强电场(重力场)和匀强磁场中运动,轨迹为滚轮线.处理滚轮线问题的关键是构造匀速直线运动以平衡电场力(重力),从而将带电质点的运动分解为匀速直线运动和匀速圆周运动,简化问题的处理过程.     

中国大地构造学派争鸣系统的构建与学派争鸣动态的数盘评价

本文采用系统论的观点，试图通过寻求若干能恰当地反映学派争鸣动态的数量指标，建立我国大地构造学派争鸣系统的数学模型，以便从方法论角度，为地质学史研究者探讨我国大地构造学派争鸣的演化历史，并预测其发展趋向，提供-r-新的分析思路和一种数量评价的方法.