Necessary Conditions for Impulsive Nonlinear Optimal Control Problems without a priori Normality Assumptions

First-order and second-order necessary conditions of optimality for an impulsive control problem that remain informative for abnormal control processes are presented and derived. One of the main features of these conditions is that no a priori normality assumptions are required. This feature follows from the fact that these conditions rely on an extremal principle which is proved for an abstract minimization problem with equality constraints, inequality constraints, and constraints given by an inclusion in a convex cone. Two simple examples illustrate the power of the main result.The first author was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 02-01-00334. The second author was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 00-01-00869. The third author was partially supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia and by INVOTAN Grant.     

Dominant and recessive solutions at infinity and genera of conjoined bases for discrete symplectic systems

In this paper we introduce the theory of dominant solutions at infinity for nonoscillatory discrete symplectic systems without any controllability assumption. Such solutions represent an opposite concept to recessive solutions at infinity, which were recently developed for such systems by the authors. Our main results include: (i) the existence of dominant solutions at infinity for all ranks in a given range depending on the order of abnormality of the system, (ii) construction of dominant solutions at infinity with eventually the same image, (iii) classification of dominant and recessive solutions at infinity with eventually the same image, (iv) limit characterization of recessive solutions at infinity in terms of dominant solutions at infinity and vice versa, and (v) Reid’s construction of the minimal recessive solution at infinity. These results are based on a new theory of genera of conjoined bases for symplectic systems developed for this purpose in this paper.     

Physicochemical Studies of the Sea-Surface Microlayer

In physicochemical studies on the sea-surface microlayer (SML) in seawater, the main researches conducted were as follows: (1) It was found that there is an objective layer of sudden change in physical and chemical properties between the SML and the subsurface layer in seawater. (2) The SML thickness was determined and should be about 50±10 μm. (3) The Gibbs model of the SML was extended, and the multilayer model of the SML was advanced. (4) The original-location method, which corresponds with the traditional removal-location method, was founded and used to determine the SML thickness. The results obtained from the two methods were almost identical. (5) An abnormal phenomenon was found when the Gibbs solution adsorption was applied to the seawater system, the reason for which was discussed preliminarily.     

补肾调肝法治疗对精液异常患者精液微量元素改变的观察

研究了２６例精液异常患者使用补肾调肝法治疗后其精液锌、铜、铅等元素的改变。２６例患者在治疗后精液质量有明显改善,其中精液中锌含量与治疗前相比有明显提高,治疗前后分别为（２．０６＋１．０９）ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ和（２．４８±１．０５）ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ（Ｐ＜０.０１）,差异具有显著性意义。精液中的铜含量也有所提高。铅含量比治疗前减少,但并不具显著性。     

光敏感核不育水稻W6184s花药和花粉发育的细胞形态学观察

光敏感核不育水稻W6184s细胞形态学观察结果;花粉败育主要发生在小孢子发育后期,具大液泡的小孢子不能进入配子体发育阶段;小孢子发育的早期,少数小孢子母细胞就表现异常而导致花粉败育。在小孢子发育的同时,绒毡层出现各种异常现象。     

摄食转牙鲆生长因子基因集胞藻的大菱鲆血液指标及微核研究

以实验室养殖的幼小大菱鲆和养殖场养殖大菱鲆幼鱼为研究对象，研究了转牙鲆生长因子基因集胞藻作为饲料添加剂对鱼类血液生理生化指标和红细胞微核率及核异常率的影响。研究结果显示，转基因集胞藻对大菱鲆血液红细胞和白细胞数量、血红蛋白含量及红细胞体积没有影响（p〉0.05）；1.0％添加剂量没有引起血清转氨酶活性及碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性增加（p〉0.05），实验组血清蛋白质、葡萄糖、甘油三脂、胆固醇、尿素氮和肌酐含量以及钾、钠、氯、磷浓度与对照组之间也不存在显著性差异（p〉0.05）；转基因集胞藻对红细胞微核及核异常没有诱导作用。结果表明转基因集胞藻不会引起大菱鲆组织器官损伤，也没有遗传毒性，是一种安全的转基因饲料添加剂，可以用作大菱鲆促生长剂使用。     

Perturbation theory for abstract optimization problems

A general perturbation theory is given for optimization problems in locally convex, linear spaces. Neither differentiability of the constraints nor regularity of the solutions of the unperturbed problem are assumed. Without reference to a particular multiplier rule, multipliers of the unperturbed problem are defined and used for characterizing solutions of a perturbed problem. In case of differentiable constraints or finite-dimensional spaces, the results exceed those known so far.     

Towards a reference curve for the grades of each course

A grade-reference curve (GRC) can be constructed for any course based on the grades of a course in the last several years. Among other things, the reference curve of a course can be used to test for any abnormality in the current semester's grades of a course. It can be a very important document about the course that serves students, teachers and decision makers in the institution. A GRC of a course should be updated on a regular basis. In this article, the construction of such curve is outlined and illustrated by an example. The use of the constructed curve to detect abnormality via statistical analysis is also discussed and illustrated by an example.     

无精症患者的染色体异常分析

目的：分析男性无精症患者的染色体异常情况。方法：对152例无精症患者进行常规外周血淋巴细胞培养、染色体制备及分析。结果：152例无精症患者中，55例的染色体结构或数目发生异常，占36.18%，其中以性染色体异常为主。结论：染色体异常是导致无精症的重要原因之一，遗传学病因研究对无精症患者的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。     

补肾调肝方对特发性少弱精症患者精液锌影响的临床观察

临床观察了60例特发性少弱精症患者使用补肾调肝方治疗后精液质量、精液微量元素锌的改变。60例患者精液密度、精液活力在治疗前后分别为(59.40±54.95)×10~6/mL、(85.48±75.58)×10~6/mL(P<0.05);(38.78±28.11)％、(47.10±28.74)％(P<0.05)。治疗前后精液锌含量分别为(1.79±1.20)mmol·L~(-1)、(1.96±1.07)mmol·L~(-1)。经计算,t值等于2.397,大于t_(0.05)(60),即P<0.05,治疗前后锌元素的差异有显著性意义。