用微芯片化学反应器实现酶催化化学发光测定葡萄糖的研究

葡萄糖是临床化学诊断以及食品分析中重要的检测项目 ,最常用的测定方法是采用葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)催化葡萄糖与氧分子间反应 ,生成葡萄糖酸和过氧化氢 [1] ,而对过氧化氢的检测则可采用过氧化酶 (POD)催化鲁米诺的化学发光反应进行 [2 ] .FIA对整个过程的实现是十分有效的方式 ,但由于多采用固定化酶反应器 [3～ 5] 使其在制备及分析上较复杂且费用高 .由 Manz等[6] 提出的微型全分析系统(μ- TAS)在针对不同体系的微量分析及在线监测上均具有突出的优越性 .本文使用的含微混合器的微芯片化学反应器采用μ- TAS设计思想 ,建立了化学发…     

A Germylene Supported by Two 2-Pyrrolylphosphane Groups as Precursor to PGeP Pincer Square-Planar Group 10 Metal(II) and T-Shaped Gold(I) Complexes

An efficient synthesis of 2-di-tert-butylphosphanylmethylpyrrole (HpyrmPtBu₂), by treating 2-dimethylaminomethylpyrrole (HpyrmNMe₂) with tBu₂PH at 135 °C in the absence of any solvent, has allowed the preparation of the new PGeP germylene Ge(pyrmPtBu₂)₂ ( 1 ), by treating [GeCl₂(dioxane)] with LipyrmPtBu₂, in which the Ge atom is stabilized by intramolecular interactions with one (solid state) or both (solution) of its phosphane groups. Reactions of germylene 1 with Group 10 metal dichlorido complexes containing easily displaceable ligands have led to [MCl{κ³P,Ge,P-GeCl(pyrmPtBu₂)₂}] [M=Ni ( 2 ), Pd ( 3 ), Pt ( 4 )], which have an unflawed square-planar metal environment. Treatment of germylene 1 with [AuCl(tht)] (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) rendered [Au{κ³P,Ge,P-GeCl(pyrmPtBu₂)₂}] ( 5 ), which is a rare case of a T-shaped gold(I) complex. The hydrolysis of 5 gave the linear gold(I) derivative [Au(κP-HpyrmPtBu₂)₂]Cl ( 6 ). Complexes 2 – 5 contain a PGeP pincer chloridogermyl ligand that arises from the insertion of the Ge atom of germylene 1 into a M−Cl bond of the corresponding metal reagent. The bonding in these molecules has been studied by DFT/NBO/QTAIM calculations. These results demonstrate that the great flexibility of germylene 1 makes it a better precursor to PGeP pincer complexes than the previously known germylenes of this type.     

T-shaped non-symmetrical twin liquid crystalline compounds

New unconventional T-shaped non-symmetrical dimeric liquid crystalline compounds have been synthesised and their thermotropic properties studied on the hot-stage of a polarising microscope. These compounds consist of an azo-ester mesogenic unit with a range of terminal substituents (–CH₃, –OCH₃, –NO₂ or –Cl) at one end, interconnected by a flexible spacer (n?=?4, 5 or 10) via ether and ester linking units to a biphenyl moiety at the lateral hydroxyl position of the azo-ester. All the compounds were characterised using a combination of elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic methods. The compounds were found to exhibit enantiotropic nematic and smectic mesophases. The effect of different terminal substituents on mesomorphism is discussed.     

A novel 3D Tesla valve micromixer for efficient mixing and chitosan nanoparticle production

Current three-dimensional micromixers for continuous flow reactions and nanoparticle synthesis are complex in structure and difficult to fabricate. This paper investigates the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel micromixer that uses a simple spatial Tesla valve design to achieve efficient mixing of multiple solutions. The flow characteristics and mixing efficiencies of our Tesla valve micromixer are investigated using a combination of numerical simulations and experiments. The results show that in a wide range of flow rates, viscoelastic solutions with different concentrations can be well mixed in our micromixer. Finally, experiments on the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles are conducted to verify the practicability of our micromixer. Compared with nanoparticles prepared by conventional magnetic stirring, the size of nanoparticles prepared by micromixing is smaller and the distribution is more uniform. Therefore, our Tesla valve micromixer has significant advantages and implications for mixing chemical and biological reactions.     

T形型钢混凝土柱正截面承载力的计算方法探讨

在总结了型钢混凝土(SRC)柱承载力计算一般方法的基础上,针对T形型钢混凝土柱, 结合中国现行规范,分析了此种柱的受力特点和破坏模式,提出T形型钢混凝土柱正截面极 限承载力的计算方法,并采用该方法对一T形型钢混凝土柱的承载力进行验算. 结果表明与 试验数据吻合较好,说明本文方法具有较好的精确度和适用性.     

Tesla微混合器结构参数对混合强度的影响

针对Tesla微混合器混合原理,利用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟与分析软件对其进行了三维数值模拟.模型采用有限体积法离散、SIMPLEC算法进行层流计算.分析了结构参数的改变对该混合器混合效果的影响,并采用混合强度值作为衡量指标.分析结果显示,不同通道高宽比和分离通道入流角度等结构参数对该微混合器的混合效果有重要影响.模...     

Hemilability and regioselectivity in palladium and platinum complexes of dppm(E) [E = O, S, Se] ligands

Hemilability and nonrigidity in a series of mixed P^PE donor ligands where E = O, S, or Se have been studied in palladium and platinum complexes of the type [M{κ²-(dimethylamino)ethylnaphthyl-C,N)}(P^PE)][SbF₆] where P^PE = Ph₂PCH₂P(E)Ph₂.The role of the donor in hemilability, regioselectivity and the binding preferences of particular donors trans to the metallated carbon atom were also investigated. NMR parameters including couplings to ¹⁹⁵Pt and ⁷⁷Se were investigated for cis and trans isomers. The magnitude of ²J¹³C-⁷⁷Se couplings can readily distinguish the cis and trans isomers. A large through-space ¹³C-⁷⁷Se ³J coupling was observed in one of the amino methyl groups of the dppm(Se) complexes.     

Theoretical investigation of histidine-tryptophan preferential interactions

Several histidine-tryptophan complexes (either stacked or T-shaped), derived from the crystal structures available in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, have been examined with molecular mechanics (MM), using the Tripos force field with Gasteiger-Hückel charges, whose trend was found to be analogous to the AMBER or CHARMM ones. The MM results were compared to the ab initio MP2 results, with and without counterpoise (CP) correction, previously obtained using extended basis sets on 5-methylimidazole and indole as model systems. MM seems to underestimate the interaction energy between the two monomers when compared to the uncorrected MP2 results, while the agreement is much better after including the CP correction at the MP2 level in all cases. MM was thus used to qualitatively analyse the dependence of the stacking energy on the ring rotation at a variable distance and ring centroid displacement for these systems, while keeping the rings in parallel planes. An analogous study was carried out for a T-shaped adduct. Received: 24 March 1998 / Accepted: 3 September 1998 / Published online: 1 February 1999     

T型分支管道对油气爆炸压力的影响

为了研究T型分支结构对管道内油气爆炸压力的影响,进行了不同初始油气体积分数、不同初始点火能工况下多参数对比实验,并对火焰传播进行了可视化研究。实验结果表明:T型分支管道对油气爆炸压力有强化作用,强化程度和初始油气体积分数关系密切,在当量比附近,强化程度表现最显著;初始点火能对油气爆炸最大超压影响显著,随着点火能的增大,最大爆炸超压呈线性增长;波的绕射和反射、流场湍流度增强、管道通道面积增大和障碍物扰动是导致T型分支管道内爆炸压力增强的主要因素;T型分支管道会导致火焰阵面严重地弯曲褶皱变形,增大火焰面积,并且回传火焰对T型分支结构壁面具有较强的破坏作用。     

T-型氢键液晶复合物的制备与液晶行为

以不具有液晶行为的2,6-二[N,N′-二-(4-烷基苯甲酰基)]氨基吡啶(A系列)和4-正烷氧基苯甲酸(D系列)作为氢键液晶复合物的单体,组装成T-型氢键液晶系列复合物(AmDn)。用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,用DSC及偏光显微方法对其液晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:所合成的21种复合物分子间存在氢键且都具有向列相。通过调整2,6-二[N,N′-二-(4-烷基苯甲酰基)]氨基吡啶分子上柔性烷基的长度和极性,可以有效地调节它与4-烷氧基苯甲酸形成的氢键复合物的液晶相变温度以及液晶态的稳定性;增加2,6-二[N,N′-二-(4-烷基苯甲酰基)]氨基吡啶分子上柔性烷基的长度,其复合物AmDn的液晶相温度范围趋于变窄,清亮点逐渐下降,其液晶态稳定性也逐渐下降;以2,6-二[N,N′-二-(4-烷基苯甲酰基)]氨基吡啶分子替代2,6-二[N,N′-二-(4-烷氧基苯甲酰基)]氨基吡啶分子,可以降低分子的极性,使其单体的熔点及其氢键复合物AmDn的相变温度下降。