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1.
Lutz Edler 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》1979,9(2):175-187
In a multi-type continuous time Markov branching process the asymptotic distribution of the first birth in and the last death (extinction) of the kth generation can be determined from the asymptotic behavior of the probability generating function of the vector Z(k)(t), the size of the kth generation at time t, as t tends to zero or as t tends to infinity, respectively. Apart from an appropriate transformation of the time scale, for a large initial population the generations emerge according to an independent sum of compound multi-dimensional Poisson processes and become extinct like a vector of independent reversed Poisson processes. In the first birth case the results also hold for a multi-type Bellman-Harris process if the life span distributions are differentiable at zero. 相似文献
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Improved efficiency droop characteristics in an InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode with a novel designed last barrier structure 下载免费PDF全文
<正>In this study,the characteristics of nitride-based light-emitting diodes with different last barrier structures are analysed numerically.The energy band diagrams,electrostatic field near the last quantum barrier,carrier concentration in the quantum well,internal quantum efficiency,and light output power are systematically investigated.The simulation results show that the efficiency droop is markedly improved and the output power is greatly enhanced when the conventional GaN last barrier is replaced by an AlGaN barrier with Al composition graded linearly from 0 to 15% in the growth direction.These improvements are attributed to enhanced efficiencies of electron confinement and hole injection caused by the lower polarization effect at the last-barrier/electron blocking layer interface when the graded Al composition last barrier is used. 相似文献
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该文研究了从x出发的正漂移Brownian Motion的极值问题,给出了关于这种随机过程的两种极大值的定义,并主要利用Brownian Motion的一些重要性质,比如正交不变性、时空齐次性及在有限停时上的强Markov性等,获得了两种极大值的分布函数的精确表达式。 相似文献
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The first and last melting points (FLMP) method was employed to measure the melting temperature–composition (T–w) data at solid–liquid–gas (SLG) equilibrium for the naphthalene–biphenyl–CO2 system. Results show that the system's phase diagram is simple eutectic under all investigated pressures (0.1, 3.0, 6.0 and 8.0 MPa), and the system's eutectic composition is almost constant. The (T–w) data measured with a high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry are in good agreement with these from FLMP. The semi-predictive model using solubility data (SMS) and the calculation model combining with GE models (CMG) for binary systems were extended to this ternary system. For the SMS model, the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule was used to correlate the solubility data of the two solutes in CO2 to obtain the two interaction parameters k12 and k13 and calculate the fugacity coefficients of the solutes in the liquid and vapor phases; the UNIFAC method was also applied to the activity coefficient of the solutes in the liquid phase. For the CMG model, the PR-EoS combining respectively the MHV1, LCVM, and modified LCVM (mLCVM) mixing rules was applied to the fugacity coefficients of the solutes. Results show that the CMG model with MHV1 gives the best prediction of the system's SLG equilibrium, while the SMS model and the CMG model with mLCVM provide comparable and acceptable results. 相似文献
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Joint optimization of spare parts ordering and maintenance policies for multiple identical items subject to silent failures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper the joint maintenance and spare parts ordering problem for more than one identical operating items is studied. The operating items may suffer two types of silent failures: a minor failure, which results in item malfunctioning, and a major failure, which renders the item completely out-of-function. Inspections are periodically held to detect any failures and the inspected items are preventively maintained, repaired or replaced according to their condition. Two ordering policies are investigated to supply the necessary spare parts: a periodic review and a continuous review policy. The expected total maintenance and inventory cost per time unit is derived and the proposed models are optimized for real case data. In addition, the sensitivity of the proposed models is studied through numerical examples and the effect of some key problem characteristics on the optimal decisions is discussed. 相似文献