Propagation of mesons in asymmetric nuclear matter in a density-dependent coupling model

We study the propagation of the light mesons σ,ω,ρ, and a₀(980) in dense hadronic matter in an extended derivative scalar coupling model. Within the scheme proposed it is possible to unambiguously define effective density-dependent couplings at the Lagrangian level. We first apply the model to study asymmetric nuclear matter with fixed isospin asymmetry, and then we pay particular attention to hypermatter in β-equilibrium. The equation of state and the potential contribution to the symmetry coefficient arising from the mean-field approximation are investigated. Received: 16 October 2001 / Accepted: 10 January 2002     

On diquark clustering in quark—gluon plasma

The possibility that pairs of quarks will form diquark clusters in the regime above deconfinement transition for hadron matter at finite density is revisited. Here we present the results on the diquark-diquark (dq-dq) interaction in the framework of constituent quark model taking account of spin, isospin and color degrees of freedom in the spirit of generalized Pauli principle. By constructing the appropriate spin and color states of the dq-dq clusters we compute the expectation values of the interaction Hamiltonian involving pairwise quark—quark interaction. We find that the effective interaction between two diquark clusters is quite sensitive to different configurations characterized by color and spin states, obtained after the coupling of two diquark states. The value of the coupling parameter for a particular color—spin state, i.e., -3, 1 is compared to the one obtained earlier by Donoghue and Sateesh,Phys. Rev. D38, 360 (1988) based on the effective Φ⁴-theory. This new value of λ derived for different color-spin dq-dq states, may lead to several important implications in the studies of diquark star and diquark gas.     

Search for deconfinement in NA49 at the CERN SPS

Experiment NA49 at the CERN SPS uses a large acceptance detector for a systematic study of particle yields and correlations in nucleus-nucleus, nucleon-nucleus and nucleon-nucleon collisions. Preliminary results for Pb+Pb collisions at 40, 80 and 158 A⋅GeV beam energy shown and compared to measurements at lower and higher energies.     

Quark confinement in 2+1 dimensional pure Yang-Mills theory

We report some progress on the quark confinement problem in 2 + 1 dim. pure Yang-Mills theory, using Euclidean instanton methods. The instantons are regularized Wu-Yang ‘monopoles’, whose long range Coulomb field is screened by collective effects. Such configurations are stable to small perturbations unlike the case of singular, undressed monopoles. Using exact non-perturbative results for the 3-dim. Coulomb gas, where Debye screening holds for arbitrarily low temperatures, we show in a self-consistent way that a mass gap is dynamically generated in the gauge theory. The mass gap also determines the size of the monopoles. We also identify the disorder operator of the model in terms of the Sine-Gordon field of the Coulomb gas and hence obtain a dual representation whose symmetry is the centre ofSU(2).     

Surface structure of quark stars with magnetic fields

We investigate the impact of magnetic fields on the electron distribution of the electrosphere of quark stars. For moderately strong magnetic fields of B ∼ 10¹³ G, quantization effects are generally weak due to the large number density of electrons at surface, but can nevertheless affect the photon emission properties of quark stars. We outline the main observational characteristics of quark stars as determined by their surface emission, and briefly discuss their formation in explosive events termed as quark-novae, which may be connected to the r-process.     

A corresponding-state approach to quark-cluster matter

The state of super-dense matter is essential for us to understand the nature of pulsars; however, non- perturbative quantum chromodynamics makes it very difficult to make direct calculations of the state of cold matter at realistic baryon number densities inside compact stars. Nevertheless, from an observational point of view, it is conjectured that pulsars could be made up of quark clusters since the strong coupling between quarks might render the quarks to be grouped in clusters. In this paper, we attempt to find an equation of state of condensed quark-cluster matter in a phenomenological way. Supposing that the quark-clusters could be analogized to inert gases, we apply here the corresponding-state approach to derive the equation of state of quark-cluster matter, as was similarly demonstrated for nuclear and neutron-star matter in the 1970s. According to the calculations that we have presented, the quark-cluster stars, which are composed of quark-cluster matter, could have a high maximum mass that is consistent with observations and, in turn, further observations of pulsar mass could also place a constraint on the properties of quark-cluster matter. We will also briefly discuss the melting heat during the solid-liquid phase conversion and its related astrophysical consequences.     

Significant nonlinear‐optical switching capacity in atomic clusters built from silicon and lithium: A combined ab initio and density functional study

Starting from a hypothetical but fundamental charge/discharge sequence, the topic of nonlinear optical switching in atomic clusters built from silicon and alkali metals is opened up. The outcomes presented in this work, obtained with ab initio methods of exceptional predictive capabilities, offer strong evidences that sizable hyperpolarizability contrasts between neutral and charged alkali metal doped cluster forms might be simultaneously accomplished. The observed switching procedure involves redox polyatomic clusters formed by Si atoms. These centers function as electron acceptors at the ground state and as electron donors at the excited states facilitating low energy charge transfer transitions upon electronic excitation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multiarm Star-Shaped Polydimethylsiloxanes with a Dendritic Branching Center

New multiarm stars have been synthesized based on polylithium derivatives of high-generation carbosilane dendrimers. In the synthesis of multiarm stars based on the eighth-generation dendrimer, steric hindrances were observed even during the synthesis of a polylithium initiator. Subsequently, this led to chain transfer reactions between growing arms, as well as other side effects. As a result, dense nanogel formations with a higher tendency of ordering than in classical objects of this type were isolated from the reaction mixture. The study of the rheology of multiarm stars based on sixth-generation dendrimers made it possible to determine the activation energies of viscous flow in these objects, which makes it possible to consider them as objects with a macromolecular nature and a reptation flow mechanism.     

Microscopic calculation of the magnetic field of neutron stars

Based on the Dirac equation describing an electron moving in a uniform and cylindrically symmetric magnetic field which may be the result of the self-consistent mean field of the electrons themselves in a neutron star, we have obtained the eigen solutions and the orbital magnetic moments of electrons in which each eigen orbital can be calculated. From the eigen energy spectrum we find that the lowest energy level is the highly degenerate orbitals with the quantum numbers pZ=0, n=0, and m≥0. At the ground state, the electrons fill the lowest eigen states to form many Landau magnetic cells and each cell is a circular disk with the radius λfree and the thickness λe, where λfree is the electron mean free path determined by Coulomb cross section and electron density and λe is the electron Compton wavelength. The magnetic moment of each cell and the number of cells in the neutron star are calculated, from which the total magnetic moment and magnetic field of the neutron star can be calculated. The results are compared with the observational data and the agreement is reasonable.