The course scheduling problem at Lufthansa Technical Training

Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH (LTT) performs training courses for Lufthansa Technik AG as well as for several other international airlines. Courses of about 670 different types are offered of which several hundred take place each year. The course scheduling problem faced by LTT is to construct a yearly schedule which maximizes the profit margin incurred while meeting a variety of complex precedence, temporal, and resource-related constraints. A “good” operational schedule should also meet a number of additional subordinate objectives. We formalize the problem and develop a heuristic scheme along with several priority rules, as well as a local search algorithm to determine well-suited weights for weighted composite rules. The operational planning situation of 1996 served as our major test instance; additional test instances were constructed by modifying this data. Several computational experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. It turned out that the best so-found schedule is substantially better in terms of the profit margin incurred than the solution manually constructed by LTT.     

Oxythallation of norbornene derivatives with thallium(III) acetate in methanol

Treatment of norbornene, norbornadiene, benzonorbornadiene, and chloro- and methoxy-benzonorbornadiene with thallium(III) acetate in methanol affords only the corresponding cis-exo-acetoxythallation adducts in a sharp contrast to oxymercuration of such strained olefins where methoxymercuration prevails. In the cases of substituted benzonorbornadienes the products are obtained as the regioisomeric mixtures, the isomer ratio being determined by ¹³C NMR. In the cases of 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2-methyl-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, and 5-norbornen-2-endo-carboxylic acid, lactonization occurs to give a trans-oxythallation adduct having a lactone ring, no introduction of either methoxy or acetoxy groups being observed. ¹H and/or ¹³C NMR data for several new oxythallation adducts are provided. The alkaline sodium borohydride reduction of adducts in methanol affords mainly the parent olefin together with 10–16% yields of the corresponding exo-alcohol.     

自动回流萃取-MPT全谱仪测定航空润滑油中磨损金属的含量

将萃取与回流相结合, 建立了一种处理航空润滑油中磨损金属的新方法, 并用MPT全谱仪对磨损金属含量进行了同时检测. 该方法基本上实现了样品处理的全自动化,克服了常用方法的部分缺点, 对Zn, Cd, Cu, Fe和Pb的检出限(3σ)分别为0.084, 0.043, 0.022, 0.052和0.064 μg/g; 相对标准偏差均小于5%(n=5); 回收率为94.5%~107.4%. 对3个润滑油样品的检测结果令人满意.     

MPT-AES法同时测定航空润滑油中铁、银和镍

用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)同时测定未使用过的航空润滑油中铁、银和镍的方法。详细考察了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、氧屏蔽气压力等实验参数对铁、银和镍发射强度的影响,并进行了系统优化。测得铁、银和镍的检出限分别为21.94ng/mL0、.36ng/mL9、.82ng/mL,线性范围分别为0.1~100μg/mL、0.001~8μg/mL、0.05~8μg/mL,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.95%,回收率在93.1%~107.4%之间。     

Effect of coupling between passenger compartment and trunk of a car on coupled system natural frequencies using acoustic frequency response function

Conventional numerical techniques, used to study the acoustics of a car passenger cabin, treat the cabin as an isolated cavity excited by the cavity boundaries. Realistically, other cavity volumes such as the trunk communicate with the cabin through the holes in the parcel shelf of the car. An extended acoustic model of a car is formed by the cavity volumes of the passenger compartment and the trunk as well as air leakages through the holes provided for electrical devices and ventilation on the parcel shelf. In this study, the dynamic influence of air leakages between the passenger and trunk compartments on the first and second coupled system modes was investigated experimentally using acoustic frequency response function. The response to the acoustic excitation was measured for four different configurations of trim and holes of the parcel shelf. The natural frequencies of the first and second coupled system modes increased with increasing holes size with and without the trim of the parcel shelf. The experimental results were in good agreement with the reported results of coupling effects of double cavities connected by a neck. In the low frequency region since the wavelength is longer compared to the holes dimension, these holes act as point sources.     

机载FTIR地球大气红外背景辐射光谱特征研究

介绍了机载傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪测量地球大气红外背景辐射的实验过程,对地球/大气的红外背景辐射进行了详细的分析,给出了描述这一辐射过程的理论表达式,证明红外背景辐射主要取决于地表温度、地表发射率、大气透过率和大气温度这四个参数。在理论分析的基础上,对不同观测高度、不同地物背景的实测光谱进行了对比和分析,得到了红外背景辐射的光谱特征。     

土木工程投标报价模型研究(英文)

本文主要研究单一不可分土木工程的n人投标报价模型.报价高低不是是否中标的唯一决定性因素,施工方案和工程报价为赢得工程施工合同共同发挥组合效应,并且在一定条件下,通过工程竟标,中标价会趋于Nash平衡.     

基于APC和GPS数据的青奥会期间南京公共交通的调度与优化

为了得到青奥会期间南京市合理有效的公交调度方案,本文针对青奥会场馆、运动员村、旅游点等附近的南京公共交通线路,建立模型与算法.首先,通过APC数据与GPS数据的匹配,对客流数据进行站点匹配预处理,根据已有客流量数据,训练小波神经网络,从而对客流分布情况进行预测,然后基于客流预测结果,采用有序聚类法,实现客流高低峰时段的合理划分.其次,详细分析调度问题的关键所在,以时段总发车次数和乘客等待时间两个因素作为目标函数,将时段最大、最小发车间隔和满载率等作为约束条件,提出基于APC和GPS的公交车辆辅助调度模型,通过遗传算法对模型进行求解,得出不同时段的发车间隔和配车次数,并对模型的性能进行评估.以南京市D7路公交运营线路的实际客流数据为例,采用MATLAB软件进行仿真实验,得出优化结果.结果表明所建模型是合理的,从而为调度时刻表的生成提供了科学的依据.     

Application of a Bayesian algorithm for the Statistical Energy model updating of a railway coach

The classical statistical energy analysis (SEA) theory is a common approach for vibroacoustic analysis of coupled complex structures, being efficient to predict high-frequency noise and vibration of engineering systems. There are however some limitations in applying the conventional SEA. The presence of possible strong coupling between subsystems and the lack of diffuseness result in a significant uncertainty. This is the main motivation for the present study, where a procedure to update SEA models is proposed. The proposed procedure is the combination of the classical SEA method and a Bayesian technique. Due to reasons such as finding a limited number of important parameters, using a limited search range, avoiding matrix inversion and taking the effect of noise into account, the proposed strategy can be considered as a proper alternative to the experimental SEA approach. To investigate the performance of the proposed strategy, the SEA model updating of a railway passenger coach is carried out. First, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to select the most sensitive parameters of the SEA model. For the selected parameters of the model, prior probability density functions are then taken into account based on published data on comparison between experimental and theoretical results, so that the variance of the theory is estimated. The Monte Carlo Metropolis Hastings algorithm is employed to estimate the modified values of the parameters. It is shown that the algorithm can be efficiently used to update the SEA models with a high number of unknown parameters.     

基于4G通信的民机试飞遥测监控技术架构

民机适航审定试飞时需要传输海量的测试数据,由于试验科目的苛刻要求,试飞任务需在多地同时开展。针对这种需求,提出一种基于4G通信的民机试飞监控技术架构,构建多地试飞一体化测试网络,并通过了飞行试验数据传输测试,该技术架构可满足试验机试飞数据高速传输需求,满足试验数据多地传输需求。该技术的应用增强了安全监控能力,提高试飞效率。