Users,Programmers, and Statistical Software

Abstract

Statistical software provides essential support for statisticians and others who are analyzing data or doing research on new statistical techniques. Those supported typically regard themselves as “users” of the software, but as soon as they need to express their own ideas computationally, they in fact become “programmers.” Nothing is more important for the success of statistical software than enabling this transition from user to programmer, and on to gradually more ambitious software design. What does the user need? How can the design of statistical software help? This article presents a number of suggestions based on past experience and current research. The evolution of the S system reflects some of these opinions. Work on the Omegahat software provides a promising direction for future systems that reflect similar motivations.     

Exploiting structure in parallel implementation of interior point methods for optimization

OOPS is an object-oriented parallel solver using the primal–dual interior point methods. Its main component is an object-oriented linear algebra library designed to exploit nested block structure that is often present in truly large-scale optimization problems such as those appearing in Stochastic Programming. This is achieved by treating the building blocks of the structured matrices as objects, that can use their inherent linear algebra implementations to efficiently exploit their structure both in a serial and parallel environment. Virtually any nested block-structure can be exploited by representing the matrices defining the problem as a tree build from these objects. OOPS can be run on a wide variety of architectures and has been used to solve a financial planning problem with over 10⁹ decision variables. We give details of supported structures and their implementations. Further we give details of how parallelisation is managed in the object-oriented framework.     

测控数据实时监测软件设计方法研究

测控数据实时监测软件是测控系统中的关键分系统之一,承担着大量测控信息的实时监视任务,由于其监测的数据具有信息量大、发送频率高、种类多样等特点,如何提升软件的性能和效率,成为了测控软件领域的一项重要课题。为实现该软件信息监测功能实时、全面、可靠,从软硬件平台、软件架构和算法设计等方面开展研究。采用多线程设计实现大量并行数据的接收,利用面向对象程序设计方法使数据处理层和展现层分离,对有曲线显示需求的数据存储方法进行了算法优化,从而实现软件的全面效能提升设计。设计的软件经实际环境测试,设计方法能够有效提升软件的效能,保证了测控数据监测功能的实时性和可靠性,增强了测控数据实时监测软件的数据承载能力。同时该方法设计的软件具有较好的可扩展性和可维护性。     

HL-2M装置反馈控制系统的设计

简要描述HL-2M控制系统的概念设计,主要对其中反馈控制部分作了介绍,重新编写了反馈控制程序。为了满足HL-2M装置对控制系统的进一步要求,重新设计了反馈控制系统程序。对其中一些功能的实现方法进行了设计改进,引入了由反射内存卡构建的实时通讯网络,并以此通讯网络为基础进行了反馈控制系统的架构布局。在Linux操作系统中,利用以前放电的实验数据,模拟测试了新的反馈控制系统。测试结果良好,满足预期要求。     

Modeling of multibody systems with the object-oriented modeling language Dymola

The object-oriented modeling language Dymola allows the physical modeling of large interconnected systems based on model components fromdifferent engineering domains. It generatessymbolic code for different target simulators. In this paper, a Dymola class library for the efficient generation of the equations of motion for multibody systems is presented. The library is based on aO(n) algorithm which is reformulated in an objectoriented way. This feature can also be interpreted as a bond graph oriented modeling of multibody systems. Furthermore a new algorithm for a certain class ofvariable structure multibody systems, such as systems with Coulomb friction, is presented, which allows the generation of efficient symbolic code.     

Object-oriented modelling and simulation of heat exchangers with finite element methods

The paper describes the derivation of finite-element models of one-dimensional fluid flows with heat transfer in pipes, using the Galerkin/least-squares approach. The models are first derived for one-phase flows, and then extended to homogeneous two-phase flows. The resulting equations have then been embedded in the context of object-oriented system modelling; this allows one to combine the fluid flow model with a model for other phenomena such as heat transfer, as well as with models of other discrete components such as pumps or valves, to obtain complex models of heat exchangers. The models are then validated by simulating a typical heat exchanger plant.     

Extensible Software Systems in Oberon

Abstract

Extensible software systems play an important role in prototyping environments where a fast compile-and-test turnaround is required. Typically, extensible software systems combine ways to reuse code, an approach to object-oriented programming, and ways to preserve state from one session to another. In this article we introduce the Oberon system from the perspective of an extensible system. In Oberon, the stated requirements manifest themselves as separate hierarchies related to modularity, the type system, runtime system organization, and persistency. We discuss issues related to these hierarchies and the approaches selected in Oberon for their implementation. The article is mainly a short introduction to Oberon and a summary of what has been accomplished with this system.     

Orca: A Visualization Toolkit for High-Dimensional Data

Abstract

This article describes constructing interactive and dynamic linked data views using the Java programming language. The data views are designed for data that have a multivariate component. The approach to displaying data comes from earlier research on building statistical graphics based on data pipelines, in which different aspects of data processing and graphical rendering are organized conceptually into segments of a pipeline. The software design takes advantage of the object-oriented nature of the Java language to open up the data pipeline, allowing developers to have greater control over their visualization applications. Importantly, new types of data views coded to adhere to a few simple design requirements can easily be integrated with existing pipe sections. This allows access to sophisticated linking and dynamic interaction across all (new and existing) view types. Pipe segments can be accessed from data analysis packages such as Omegahat or R, providing a tight coupling of visual and numerical methods.     

Analytical Formulation of the Classical Friction Model for Motion Analysis and Simulation

Starting from a precise definition of friction torque when velocity vanishes that distinguishes the case of instantaneous zero crossing from that where the velocity is zero over a time interval, this paper proposes a compact analytical formulation of the classical discontinuous friction model that is useful for motion analysis. A finite state machine that allows a numerically robust computation of motion equations when velocity vanishes or motion restarts is then defined. Simulation results show that the discontinuous model can be seen as an asymptotic approximation, infinitely fast, of a recently proposed continuous, dynamic friction model.     

结合纹理和空间特征的多光谱影像面向对象茶园提取

云南茶园主要分布于山区,往往与其他地物混合,破碎化程度高,给基于遥感的高精度茶园提取带来困难。破碎化山地茶园的遥感识别能力有待进一步提高。以西双版纳北部及普洱市南部山区为研究区,以高分一号(GF-1)遥感影像为数据源,基于易康(eCognition9.0)软件,采用多尺度分割(MRS)方法对影像进行分割,并通过ED3_Modified评估影像的最优分割尺度。首先构造了包括14个光谱特征、6个纹理特征和3个空间特征的23维初始特征,通过计算样本的分离度对分类特征空间进行优化,确定了16维最优特征空间。然后应用面向对象的监督分类方法[贝叶斯(Bayes)、决策树5.0(DT5.0)及随机森林(RF)]对研究区茶园进行提取。采用实地调查样点和随机点结合的方法对提取结果进行精度验证,并比较了不同分类方法的茶园提取精度。面向对象的监督分类[多分类（茶园、森林、农田、不透水层、水体）]结果的总体精度(OA)和Kappa系数分别为(Bayes: 87.73%, 0.70),(DT: 88.52%, 0.72),(RF: 91.23%, 0.78)。三种分类方法对茶园提取的生产者精度(PA)和使用者精度(UA)分别为(Bayes: 67.23%, 75.33%),(DT: 68.84%, 83.83%),(RF: 70.54%, 87.13%);相比于面向对象的RF多分类,面向对象RF二分类（茶园、其他地物）OA和Kappa系数分别提高了3.24%和0.07,茶园提取的PA与UA分别提高了5.99%和5.61%;相较于仅利用光谱特征的基于像元的RF多分类,面向对象的RF二分类OA与Kappa系数分别提高了23.32%和0.27,茶园提取PA与UA分别提高了21.10%和29.03%。结果表明：采用面向对象的监督分类方法在对茶园提取方面有应用潜力,尤其面向对象的RF分类精度更高,二分类相较于多分类对于茶园提取更为精细和准确。该方法对于复杂、破碎山地茶园提取精度较高,能够满足基于高空间分辨率多光谱影像的茶园精细化识别应用需求。