SEC–MALLS analysis of cellulose using LiCl/1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone as an eluent

The lithium chloride/1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (LiCl/DMI) solvent system for cellulose was adopted as a mobile phase of size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis of cellulose, and the applicability of this system was examined using multi-angle laser light scattering and ¹³C-NMR analysis. The results indicate that 8% (w/v) LiCl/DMI ID a true solvent for cellulose, and that cellulose molecules dissolving ID 1% (w/v) LiCl/DMI are separated orderly depending on their molecular mass (MM) or root-mean-square (RMS) radius by the SEC system. Practically, no aggregates were detected ID the dilute cellulose/LiCl/DMI solutions. Furthermore, high stability of cellulose/LiCl/DMI solutions has been demonstrated; only a few percent of decline ID average MM was observed even after storage for 6 months at room temperature. Relationships between RMS radius and MM for hardwood bleached kraft pulp ID 1% LiCl/DMI was estimated as the following equation: _g^0.59, corresponding to a Mark–Houwink–Sakurada exponent of 0.77.     

焊接金属空心球单轴压缩实验研究

球基轻质多孔材料的单球基元有多种构建形式,四点焊接金属空心球(Metal Hollow Sphere, MHS)是其中一种特殊类型.对四点焊接的金属空心球进行了单轴压缩实验.由于其中某些空心球在焊接时出现了孔洞,故分别做了完整和焊接出现孔洞的两种情况下的多组实验,得出了焊缝与水平面夹角θ成不同角度时压缩的名义应力-应变曲线.对比了各种夹角θ情况下的弹性模量、屈曲应力.根据实验结果,得出了θ=45度时其首次屈曲应力最大的结论.通过简化模型给出了其原因,并定性地分析了二次屈曲的问题.另外,结合实验现象分析了金属空心球在压缩时的屈服和屈曲过程.同时,对焊接完整和焊接出现孔洞两种情况进行了对比,发现有孔洞时其首次屈曲应力更低.以上结果对球基多孔材料的研究具有参考价值.     

Effect of methyl hydrogen sulfate on the formation of sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters: A theoretical study

Methyl hydrogen sulfate (MHS) as a common nucleation precursor that has important effect on new particle formation (NPF). Liu et al. showed that MHS and sulfuric acid (SA) generation are competitive due to consumption of the common precursor SO₃, and the nucleation ability of SA is better than MHS. Thus, MHS inhibits the SA-DMA-based clusters formation particularly in regions with high [MO] (methanol) (Liu et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2019, 116, 24,966). However, in regions where [H₂O] is much higher than [MO] ([SA] > > [MHS]), the SO₃ consumed by the generation of less MHS will not significantly reduce the [SA], whether MHS still inhibits SA-A-based clusters formation and how MHS affects the growth pathways of MHS-SA-A-based clusters remains unclear. Hence, quantum chemistry calculations combining Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) are used to investigate the role of MHS in the SA-A-based system. Our conclusions show two different effects of MHS in NPF process: “inhibiting” in regions with high [MO] and “weakly facilitating” in regions with high [H₂O] and low [MO]. The growth pathways show that with the increasing [MHS], the role of MHS in NPF gradually changes from “transporter” to “participator”, and the contribution to the pathways increases from 7 to 85%. Our results contribute to understanding the NPF in low-temperature regions with different concentrations of MO and H₂O.