因素空间理论与知识表示的数学框架(XⅢ)──描述架中概念的结构(2)

本文是［１，１２］的继续，研究描述架中概念的结构；本文讨论后半部分，内容涉及概念内涵与外延的转换，清晰关系的内投影与内变换，概念的结构＊以及有关问题的注记。     

Protein family classification and functional annotation

With the accelerated accumulation of genomic sequence data, there is a pressing need to develop computational methods and advanced bioinformatics infrastructure for reliable and large-scale protein annotation and biological knowledge discovery. The Protein Information Resource (PIR) provides an integrated public resource of protein informatics to support genomic and proteomic research. PIR produces the Protein Sequence Database of functionally annotated protein sequences. The annotation problems are addressed by a classification-driven and rule-based method with evidence attribution, coupled with an integrated knowledge base system being developed. The approach allows sensitive identification, consistent and rich annotation, and systematic detection of annotation errors, as well as distinction of experimentally verified and computationally predicted features. The knowledge base consists of two new databases, sequence analysis tools, and graphical interfaces. PIR-NREF, a non-redundant reference database, provides a timely and comprehensive collection of all protein sequences, totaling more than 1,000,000 entries. iProClass, an integrated database of protein family, function, and structure information, provides extensive value-added features for about 830,000 proteins with rich links to over 50 molecular databases. This paper describes our approach to protein functional annotation with case studies and examines common identification errors. It also illustrates that data integration in PIR supports exploration of protein relationships and may reveal protein functional associations beyond sequence homology.     

高分子物理课程知识体系的构建革新

高分子物理是高分子材料相关专业的专业基础课,内容丰富,章节间关系复杂,课程主线往往不容易把握。本文从运动对高聚物性质(性能)的决定性作用角度,提出了构建高分子物理课程知识体系的观点:在高分子结构部分,充实原子、键等部分作用的论述,完善高分子结构划分的层次;明确高分子不同结构层次都具有运动与变化能力的认知,重点突出不同高分子结构运动、变化的特征和规律;根据根据每一个结构层次运动特征,综合理解结构、结构的变化对高分子性能的影响。     

Pharmacophore modelling,molecular docking and virtual screening for EGFR (HER 1) tyrosine kinase inhibitors

A pharmacophore model has been developed using diverse classes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors useful in the treatment of human tumours. Among the top 10 generated hypotheses, the second hypothesis, with one hydrogen bond acceptor, one ring aromatic and three hydrophobic features, was found to be the best on the basis of Cat Scramble validation as well as test set prediction (r _training?=?0.89, r _test?=?0.82). The model also maps well to the external test set molecules as well as clinically active molecules and corroborates the docking studies. Finally, 10 hits were identified as potential leads after virtual screening of ZINC database for EGFR TK inhibition. The study may facilitate the designing and discovery of novel EGFR TK inhibitors.     

An intercausal cancellation model for Bayesian-network engineering

When constructing Bayesian networks with domain experts, network engineers often use the noisy-OR model, and causal interaction models more generally, to alleviate the burden of probability elicitation: the use of such a model serves to reduce the number of probabilities to be elicited on the one hand, and on the other hand forestalls experts having to give assessments for probabilities with compound conditions which they feel are hard to envision. Recently, we have shown that ill-considered use of the noisy-OR model specifically can substantially decrease a network's performance, especially in domains in which causal mechanisms include cancellation effects. Motivated by this observation, we designed a new causal interaction model, with the same engineering advantages as the noisy-OR model, to describe such effects. We detail properties of our intercausal cancellation model, and compare it against existing causal interaction models. We further illustrate the application of our model in the real-world domain of pharmacology.     

基础化学实验教学的新理念——再议实验教学之本质

最近20年以来,国内高校的本科基础化学实验教学从理念、内容、标准,到组织机构和评价方法,都经历了一系列变化和改革。立足于新的历史机遇和时代,有必要深刻理解和厘清本科阶段基础化学实验教学的本质和角色,既不轻视和简慢其地位、也不夸大和拔高其效用;须还基础实验教学以其本来面目,着重深挖其在传播"第三类知识"(Knowhow)以及培养"元认知"能力当中的不可替代作用,才能在化学实验教学改革大潮中不懈怠、不迷惘。     

因素空间理论与知识表示的数学框架（Ⅸ）──均衡函数的构造与Weber－Fechner特性

本文是文［１－８］的继续，该文及后续论文仍将系统地研究因素空间理论及其在知识表示中的应用。该文研究均衡函数的构造，并且引入了激励型均衡函数和混合型均衡函数。特别，从混合型变权出发，我们得到与ＷｅｂｅｒＦｅｃｈｎｅｒ定律一致的综合函数。     

Making decisions in the absence of clear facts

Bennis and O’Toole [Bennis, W.G., O’Toole, J., 2005. How business schools lost their way. Harvard Business Review 83, 96–104] have recently argued that decision makers need guidance in ‘making decisions in the absence of clear facts’. As such, decision makers must be able to resourcefully use whatever limited information is available and advantageously portray its implications. Based on recently published theory which directly addresses this requirement, this paper demonstrates, through a practical example, how decision makers can make systemic decisions in situations characterized by extremely limited information and, furthermore, what form such decisions can take. Evidence is provided, therefore, that operational research can effectively address what appears to be a gap in management training.