Estimation of growth rate in unidirectionally solidified multicrystalline silicon by the growth-induced striation method

Multicrystalline silicon was grown by unidirectional solidification method using the accelerated crucible rotation technique. The application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique in unidirectional solidification method induced growth striations across the axial direction of the grown crystal. This striation pattern was observed from carbon concentration distribution, obtained by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The generated striation pattern was found to be weak and discontinuous. Some striations were absent, probably due to back melting, caused during each crucible rotation. From the growth striations and applied time period in crucible rotation, the growth rate was estimated by using Fourier transformation analysis.     

Absorption and propagation of light in quaterthiophene crystals

We examine absorption of light in quaterthiophene crystals for different directions of the ray and wave-normal vector after refraction on the vacuum/crystal interface. Experimental non-normal incidence spectra are reported where different absorption bands show different behaviour as a function of the angle of incidence. This allows to identify those originating from the b_u Frenkel exciton state.     

Tail probabilities of the limiting null distributions of the Anderson–Stephens statistics

For the purpose of testing the spherical uniformity based on i.i.d. directional data (unit vectors) z_i, i=1,…,n, Anderson and Stephens (Biometrika 59 (1972) 613–621) proposed testing procedures based on the statistics S_max=max_u S(u) and S_min=min_u S(u), where u is a unit vector and nS(u) is the sum of squares of u′z_i's. In this paper, we also consider another test statistic S_range=S_max−S_min. We provide formulas for the P-values of S_max, S_min, S_range by approximating tail probabilities of the limiting null distributions by means of the tube method, an integral-geometric approach for evaluating tail probability of the maximum of a Gaussian random field. Monte Carlo simulations for examining the accuracy of the approximation and for the power comparison of the statistics are given.     

On concepts of directional differentiability

Various definitions of directional derivatives in topological vector spaces are compared. Directional derivatives in the sense of Gâteaux, Fréchet, and Hadamard are singled out from the general framework of -directional differentiability. It is pointed out that, in the case of finite-dimensional spaces and locally Lipschitz mappings, all these concepts of directional differentiability are equivalent. The chain rule for directional derivatives of a composite mapping is discussed.     

Cycloparaphenylene and their radicals anchored to a metal−organic framework

Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) shows modulated photophysical and electronic properties due to its strained structure and radially oriented π-electron system. Incorporation of CPP into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could transfer its extensive properties in solution to porous solids. Moreover, with the unique arrangement of the macrocycles and their interactions with the framework, emerging characteristics are anticipated. As an example of “robust dynamics”, we synthesized the first MOF structure (FDM-1001) with CPP precisely anchored to the ordered framework by employing a [8]CPP-containing linear dicarboxylate linker. Metric relationship between the dynamic macrocycles and the robust backbone creates ideal π-π interactions between them, which leads to an essentially directional arrangement of [8]CPP in the three-dimensional space. Furthermore, the MOF with [8]CPP could be successfully oxidized to generate an infinite array of radicals that show enhanced air stability compared to its molecular analogue.     

Fingerprint image enhancement using data driven Directional Filter Bank

A new method based upon data driven tool, principal component analysis (PCA), for fingerprint enhancement is proposed in this paper. PCA is a very useful statistical technique that has found application in many different fields like image compression, face recognition and is commonly used for finding patterns in data of high dimension. In the proposed method, the input image is first decomposed into directional images using decimation free Directional Filter Bank (DDFB). Then these directional images are normalized. A data driven technique PCA is applied to these normalized directional fingerprint images, which gives the PCA filtered images. These are basically directional images. Then these directional images are reconstructed into one image which is the enhanced one. Simulation results are included illustrating the capability of the proposed method.     

基于S-型光催化机制CuInS2内嵌中空凹面氮化碳光催化分解H2O制H2（英文）

光催化解离H2O合成H2是绿色可再生的太阳能光子能量转换策略之一.目前,增强光催化材料对太阳能光子的捕获并将之有效利用仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题.光催化解离H2O反应包括三个过程:太阳能光子能量促使光生电子在半导体材料带隙中的跃迁;光生电子定向传输;光生电子与吸附在半导体材料表面的H2O分子发生反应.第一过程需要强的太阳光子捕获能力以产生足够的光生载流子;第二、三过程在动力学上反映了光生载流子在各个竞争过程中能否有效利用的问题,如光生电子迁移与H2O作用的速度很慢(~μs),而电子与空穴的复合速度快(~ps).目前研究者很难协调半导体材料的电学和光学特性以满足光生载流子在热力学和动力学两方面的要求.g-C3N4是由C、N原子通过sp2杂化组成的二维π共轭体系.当g-C3N4结构偏离二维平面时,共轭体系的π电子由凹面迁移到凸面,促使凹、凸面形成表观电势差,有利于电子的定向传输.本文通过卷曲sp2杂化离域均三嗪体系偏离二维平面,得到空心凹面g-C3N4结构,便捷地优化了半导体的电子结构.将CuInS2嵌入生长于空心g-C3N4的凹面,所构成的半导体光催化材料CuInS2@C3N4展现了增强的光捕获能力,以及电子定向传输转移能力.结合XPS、光电流测试、电化学阻抗谱、稳态及瞬态荧光等表征手段揭示空心g-C3N4凹、凸面表观电势差驱动光生电子以S-型光催化作用机制从CuInS2的Cu 2p向g-C3N4的N 1s的路径转移.因而,所构建的CuInS2@C3N4在可见光激发下产氢效率提高到373μmol·h^?1·g^?1,其产氢效率分别是二维平面g-C3N4负载1 wt%Pt和3 wt%Pd效率的1.57倍和1.35倍,表明空心g-C3N4凹、凸面电势差可以显著地促进光生电子分离和利用率,从而提高光催化解离水制氢效率.本文可增强g-C3N4的可持续太阳能转换性能,也适用于其他半导体材料以替代贵金属光催化体系,降低光催化产氢技术成本,促进光催化技术的应用.     

表面等离激元协助的方向性瑞利光散射研究

The origin of the Rayleigh scattering ring effect has been experimentally examined on a quantum dot/metal film system, in which CdTe quantum dots embedded in PVP are spin-coated on a thin Au film. On the basis of the angle-dependent, optical measurements under different excitation schemes (i.e., wavelength and polarization), we demonstrate that sur-face plasmon assisted directional radiation is responsible for such an effect. Moreover, an interesting phase-shift behavior is addressed.     

Cooper对质心定向运动速度的空间分布规律及“邻近效应”

在零场下 ,由超导电流密度的两种表达形式 ,导出了超导载流子质心定向运动速度的空间分布规律 ,并由毕萨定律定性地解释了“邻近效应”     

Analysis of Coupling and Radiation Properties for an Improved Dielectric Waveguide Directional Coupler Utilizing a Tapering Left-Handed Slab Core

The coupling and radiation characteristics of an improved dielectric waveguide directional coupler with a tapering left-handed slab core located in the coupling region are analyzed by the staircase approximation method, which combines the building block approach and multi-mode network theory with a rigorous mode-matching procedure. Particular attentions are directed toward the radiation characteristics under different structural parameters of the coupler. Numerical results indicate that the proposed coupler is very promising by shortening the coupling length significantly while keeping the radiation loss at a low level.