Practical aspects associated with location planning for maternal and perinatal assistance in Brazil

A study has been carried out aimed at reducing perinatal mortality in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro through a better distribution of health care facilities. The algorithmic aspects are detailed elsewhere and here the emphasis is on practical issues and difficulties encountered. A 3-level hierarchical model was developed. Both uncapacitated and capacitated versions are briefly described together with some results based on actual data. The project brought to light many contradictions between OR theory and practice in developing countries and, unfortunately, the models developed were not implemented by the municipality health authorities. Possible reasons for this outcome are analysed.     

Quality assurance of e-learning in developing countries

In this paper some of the aspects of implementing measures for quality assurance of e-learning in developing countries are discussed. Also the main problems of establishing quality assurance of e-learning are illustrated. The advantages of adopting international measures of quality assurance in those countries together with several recommendations for the future and our conclusion are then given.     

国内外液化天然气输运容器发展状态

液化天然气输运容器包括罐箱、罐车和车载储气瓶,普遍采用高真空多层绝热方式是国际发展趋势,其合理应用需要多项关键技术.由于产品种类型号相对较少,适合批量化生产以适应液化天然气工业的迅猛发展.液化天燃气输运容器产品发展趋势和技术发展趋势可为我国低温储运容器生产厂家提供一定的参考.     

对军用航空产品“三化”问题的探讨

文中阐述军用航空产品开展“三化”工作的必要性和内容,探讨分析了适合我国军用航空产品的发展模式,提出了现阶段军用航空产品“三化”工作的措施。     

示波极谱滴定法测定显影液中米吐尔和对苯二酚含量

用１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙酸铵－氨（ｐＨ８．２）－无水乙醇（２：１，Ｖ／Ｖ）混合溶液为极谱底液，以Ｋ２ＣｒＯ４与米吐尔和对苯二酚的氧化还原反应为基础，用Ｋ２ＣｒＯ４作为滴定剂，以示波极谱图上ＣｒＯ４＾２－切口出现指示终点，测定显影液中米吐尔和对苯二酚的含量。本法简便易行，灵敏准确，终点直观，应用于Ｄ－７２和Ｄ－７６显影液中米吐尔和对苯二酚的测定，获得满意结果。     

磷钒钼黄差示分光光度法测定阳图 PS 版显影液中的磷

建立了一种与高倍硅共存的磷的分析方法,共存硅对磷钒钼黄色体系的干扰程度与反应介质中硝酸浓度有关,介质中浓度为０．７４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的硝酸可有效抑制３１倍量的共存硅的干扰。在稀硝酸中煮解,可将六偏磷酸钠转化成正磷酸。     

Large eddy simulation of a developing turbulent boundary layer at a low Reynolds number

A spectral code has been used to simulate a developing turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds number Re_θ (based on free stream velocity and momentum thickness) between 353 and 576. The starting field was generated by allowing a step change of temperature to diffuse outwards from one wall in a fully developed channel flow. The thermal boundary layer so created was conditionally sampled to convert it into a momentum boundary layer with an irrotational free stream region, a process which is justified by appeal to experiments. This initial field was allowed to develop until the momentum boundary layer thickness δ₉₉₅ had grown to about 1·5 times its original thickness. The results of the simulation have been compared with a wide range of experimental data. The outcome of this comparison is generally very satisfactory; the main trends of the experiments are well reproduced and our simulation supplements and extends the existing sets of experimental data. The simulation also gives pressure statistics which cannot be obtained experimentally. In particular, it gives the contribution of pressure diffusion to the balance equations for the Reynolds stress and indicates the error produced by omitting this term.     

3D printing and continuous flow chemistry technology to advance pharmaceutical manufacturing in developing countries

The realization of a downward spiralling of diseases in developing countries requires them to become self-sufficient in pharmaceutical products. One of the ways to meet this need is by boosting the local production of active pharmaceutical ingredients and embracing enabling technologies. Both 3D printing and continuous flow chemistry are being exploited rapidly and they are opening huge avenues of possibilities in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries due to their well-documented benefits. The main barrier to entry for the continuous flow chemistry technique in low-income settings is the cost of set-up and maintenance through purchasing of spare flow reactors. This review article discusses the technical considerations for the convergence of state-of-the-art technologies, 3D printing and continuous flow chemistry for pharmaceutical manufacturing applications in developing countries. An overview of the 3D printing technique and its application in fabrication of continuous flow components and systems is provided. Finally, quality considerations for satisfying regulatory requirements for the approval of 3D printed equipment are underscored. An in-depth understanding of the interrelated aspects in the implementation of these technologies is crucial for the realization of sustainable, good quality chemical reactionware.     

A theoretical study of premixed turbulent flame development

Flame development in a statistically stationary and uniform, planar, one-dimensional turbulent flow is theoretically studied. A generalized balance equation for the mean combustion progress variable, which includes turbulent diffusion and pressure-driven transport terms, as well as the mean rate of product creation, is introduced and analyzed by invoking the sole assumption of a self-similar flame structure, well-supported by numerous experiments. The assumption offers the opportunity to simplify the problem by splitting the aforementioned partial differential equation into two ordinary differential equations, which separately model spatial variations of the progress variable and time variations of flame speed and thickness. The self-similar profile of the progress variable, obtained in numerous experiments, is theoretically predicted. Closures of the normalized pressure-driven transport term and mean rate of product creation are obtained. The closed balance equation shows that turbulent diffusion dominates during the initial stage of flame development, followed by the transition to counter-gradient transport in a sufficiently developed flame. A criterion of the transition is derived. The transition is promoted by the heat release and pressure-driven transport. Fully developed mean flame brush thickness and speed are shown to decrease when either density ratio or pressure-driven transport increases. Solutions for the development of the thickness are obtained. The development is accelerated by the pressure-driven transport and heat release.