THE MODELING AND ESTIMATION OF THE SHORT-RUN SUPPLY OF ROUNDWOOD UNDER NONLINEAR INCOME TAXES

This paper deals with the theory and estimation of the short-run supply of roundwood under nonlinear (progressive) income taxation. The theoretical part of the paper uses the two-period consumption harvesting model to introduce nonlinear income taxes into the forest management problem and presents a simple method to determine the optimal supply of roundwood in this case. In the empirical part of the paper, the model is specified in a way suitable for econometric analysis. The estimation method is the maximum likelihood method, and the estimation results seem to support the theoretical model. Finally, some results from model simulation imply that income taxation may have a nonnegligible impact on the supply of roundwood.     

A simple four-node quadrilateral finite element for plates

A simple and accurate four-node quadrilateral finite element based on the Mindlin plate theory and Kirchhoff constraints is presented for general thin plate bending applications. The derivation of the element stiffness properties is straightforward, starting with a specified eight-node interpolation; usual discrete Kirchhoff (DK) constraints are employed to constrain out the four midside nodes of the element. The present resulting DK element passes patch tests with elements of arbitrary and even highly distorted mesh types. Numerical studies of the element convergence behaviours are undertaken for various plate bending problems so far investigated. It is indicated from comparative examples that fairly good convergence characteristics have been achieved.     

Relativistic dynamics for spin-zero and spin-half particles

The classical and quantum mechanics of a system of directly interacting relativistic particles is discussed. We first discuss the spin-zero case, where we basically follow Rohrlich in introducing a set of covariant centre of mass (CM) and relative variables. The relation of these to the classic formulation of Bakamjian and Thomas is also discussed. We also discuss the important case of relativistic potentials which may depend on total four-momentum squared. We then consider the quantum mechanical case of spin-half particles. The negative energy difficulty is solved by introducing a number of first class constraints which fix the spinor structure of physical solutions and ensure the existence of proper CM and relative variables. We derive the form of interactions consistent with Lorentz invariance, space inversion, time reversal and charge conjugation and with the above mentioned first class constraints and find that it is analogous to that for the non-relativistic case. Finally the relationship of the present work with some previous work is briefly discussed.     

A Hybrid Approach to Scheduling with Earliness and Tardiness Costs

A hybrid technique using constraint programming and linear programming is applied to the problem of scheduling with earliness and tardiness costs. The linear model maintains a set of relaxed optimal start times which are used to guide the constraint programming search heuristic. In addition, the constraint programming problem model employs the strong constraint propagation techniques responsible for many of the advances in constraint programming for scheduling in the past few years. Empirical results validate our approach and show, in particular, that creating and solving a subproblem containing only the activities with direct impact on the cost function and then using this solution in the main search, significantly increases the number of problems that can be solved to optimality while significantly decreasing the search time.     

Dynamic Global Constraints in Backtracking Based Environments

Global constraints provide strong filtering algorithms to reduce the search space when solving large combinatorial problems. In this paper we propose to make the global constraints dynamic, i.e., to allow extending the set of constrained variables during search. We describe a generic dynamisation technique for an arbitrary monotonic global constraint and we compare it with the semantic-based dynamisation for the alldifferent constraint. At the end we sketch a dynamisation technique for non-monotonic global constraints. A comparison with existing methods to model dynamic problems is given as well.     

关于3连通图的容错直径和宽直径

容错直径和宽直径是度量网络可靠性和有效性的重要参数．对任意k连通图，它的容错直径Dk不超过宽直径dk,本证明：当D2=2时，d3≤max{D， l，2D3-2}；当D2≥3时，d3≤(D2-1)[2(D2-1)(D3-1)-D2-2] 1．     

On the convergence of interior-reflective Newton methods for nonlinear minimization subject to bounds

We consider a new algorithm, an interior-reflective Newton approach, for the problem of minimizing a smooth nonlinear function of many variables, subject to upper and/or lower bounds on some of the variables. This approach generatesstrictly feasible iterates by using a new affine scaling transformation and following piecewise linear paths (reflection paths). The interior-reflective approach does not require identification of an activity set. In this paper we establish that the interior-reflective Newton approach is globally and quadratically convergent. Moreover, we develop a specific example of interior-reflective Newton methods which can be used for large-scale and sparse problems.Research partially supported by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Research Program (KC-04-02) of the Office of Energy Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-86ER25013.A000, and in part by NSF, AFOSR, and ONR through grant DMS-8920550, and by the Advanced Computing Research Institute, a unit of the Cornell Theory Center which receives major funding from the National Science Foundation and IBM Corporation, with additional support from New York State and members of its Corporate Research Institute.Corresponding author.     

Euler环游图的连通度

[1]中给出了Euler环游图E_u(G)的定义,并证明了E_u(G)具有边-Hamilton性。[2]中证明了E_u(G)是正则图。本文得到如下结果,对|V(E_u(G)|≥2,E_u(G)的连通度恰好等于其正则度数。     

Qualitative estimation of the dependence of the number of energetic compounds on their oxygen coefficient

The ratio between the numbers of structural formulas of C,H,N,O-containing energetic compounds belonging to the classes of fuels (low values of the oxygen coefficientA), explosives (mediumA), and oxidants (highA values) was studied by a computer generation procedure. The number of the theoretically possible structural formulas was found to decrease rapidly on going from fuels to explosives and then to oxidants; this observation agrees with the data on the numbers of various energetic compounds currently used and proposed. The strategy of the search for new compounds with the specified properties is described in brief, and its applicability to the search for explosives and oxidants with a small (up to 12) number of atoms in a molecule is evaluated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1304–1310, July, 1998.     

定位对应指数与多氯联苯醚理化性质的构效关系

通过计算多氯联苯醚(PCDEs)所有209种可能分子结构的原子特征值,利用分子图形技术获得了定位对应指数;以106种PCDEs的理化性质实验值为建模样本,由多元回归方法建立了PCDEs的饱和蒸气压(P0L)、水溶解度(SW)和正辛醇,水分配系数(KOW)的定量结构一性质相关模型,相关性良好(r＞0.98),估算的平均误差分别为0.12、0.28和0.09.利用此方程对另外103个未见实验数据报道的多氯联苯醚分子的理化性质进行预测,结果和相同氯原子数的实验平均值较为接近,预测能力优于文献.