Quantum histories without contrary inferences

In the consistent histories formulation of quantum theory it was shown that it is possible to retrodict contrary properties. We show that this problem do not appear in our formalism of generalized contexts for quantum histories.     

初中化学“主题式项目化学习”的理念与实践*

初中化学“主题式项目化学习”是学生在主题情境中,从先前项目经验中汲取灵感,对真实且具有内在联系的驱动型任务进行深入探究的学习方式。“主题式项目化学习”的各个项目不是独立的,而是具有层层递进的内在联系,并被整合进一个主题情境中。不同项目之间的“相似性”为学生提供了迁移和应用知识的机会,而“相异性”又迫使学生审慎思考知识的适用范围。新旧项目的不断交互串联起了学生的学习历程,使经验连续生长、认知不断发展。     

The Influence of Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Interpreting Simulated 3D Worlds

This paper explores the way in which young children (6 year olds) made sense of screen-based images on the computer. The participants were required to interpret 3D-like representations and relate these images to objects in their environment. Both static and relatively dynamic software programs were used in the investigation. Some of the children could not make links between the screen representation and the intended three-dimensional (3D) objects. It is argued that young children should be exposed to activities that establish explicit links between 2D and 3D objects ``away' from the computer before attempting the more difficult links required to interpret and represent 3D objects in ICT contexts. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A modeling concept of a mechanical system having a piecewise linear spring property for its diagnosis

Machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rotating machinery are very important because of the wide use of rotating machinery in industry. Couplings and gears are used in many mechanical systems to connect elements and transmit power. The system is usually modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom system with a piecewise linear spring property, where the mass of main machine is only considered. In the present study, the dynamic behavior of a system with an unsymmetrical nonlinearity and a significant mass of the connecting part was investigated both experimentally and by numerical simulation. In the experiment, a 1/3 sub-harmonic oscillation was observed, but this oscillation was not found in the simulation using a single-degree-of-freedom system, in which the mass of the connecting part was ignored. However, when a two-degrees-of-freedom system was used that considered both the mass of the connecting part and the impact property, the 1/3 sub-harmonic oscillation was observed. Thus it is recognized that an adequate mathematical model for diagnosis in the early stage of abnormality must be selected on the basis of the mass ratio between the connecting part and the main body.     

Morita contexts and Galois theory for weak Hopf comodulelike algebras

We investigate the Morita context and graded cases for weak group corings and derive some equivalent conditions for μ to be surjective. Furthermore, we develop Galois theory for weak group corings. As an application, we give Galois theory for comodulelike algebras over a weak Hopf group coalgebra.     

Dedekind–MacNeille Completion of n-ordered Sets

A completion of an n-ordered set is defined, by analogy with the case of posets (2-ordered sets), as a pair , where Q is a complete n-lattice and is an n-order embedding. The Basic Theorem of Polyadic Concept Analysis is exploited to construct a completion of an arbitrary n-ordered set. The completion reduces to the Dedekind–MacNeille completion in the dyadic case, the case of posets. A characterization theorem is provided, analogous to the well-known dyadic one, for the case of joined n-ordered sets. The condition of joinedness is trivial in the dyadic case and, therefore, this characterization theorem generalizes the uniqueness theorem for the Dedekind–MacNeille completion of an arbitrary poset.      

Analyzing patterns between regular secondary structures using short structural building blocks defined by a hidden Markov model

Hidden Markov models were used to identify recurrent short 3D structural building blocks (SSBBs) describing protein backbones. Polypeptide chains were broken down into successive short segments defined by their inter-alpha-carbon distances. Fitting the model to a database of nonredundant proteins identified 12 distinct SSBBs and described the preferred pathways by which SSBBs were assembled to form the 3D structure of the proteins. Protein backbones were labelled in terms of these SSBBs. The observed SSBB preferences for fragments located between regular secondary structures suggested that they depended more on the following regular structure than on the preceding one. Extraction of repeated series of SSBBs between regular secondary structures showed some structural specificity within different connection types. These results confirm that SSBBs can be used as building blocks for analyzing protein structures, and can yield new information on the structures of the coils flanking secondary structures. Received: 14 May 1998 / Accepted: 4 August 1998 / Published online: 16 November 1998     

平面光波导器件时域有限差分束传输法分析中边界和初始条件的处理

从慢变包络（SVEA）时域光传输方程出发,对比了综合道格拉斯（GD）和传统的中心差分（CN）两种离散化格式,指出GD法比CN法精度有了很大提高.重点讨论了GD法的TD-BPM边界处理问题,给出了吸收边界和透明边界离散的显式和隐式表达式,分析并确定了交替方向隐式法（ADIM）的边界处理方式;同时,对激励源加入的连接边界进行了仔细讨论.结果表明对于隐式GD-TD-BPM法边界处理应采用隐式,中间激励更能反映光波导反射场的情况.     

自编数据处理程序与PW1404型X荧光光谱仪的接口软件(LLLZ)的研究与应用(Ⅰ)

本文简要介绍了自编数据处理程序与ＰＷ１４０４型Ｘ荧光光谱仪的接口软件（ＬＬＬＺ）的结构、总体流程图、硬件配置及主要功能。