全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6662篇 |
免费 | 859篇 |
国内免费 | 293篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2142篇 |
晶体学 | 24篇 |
力学 | 443篇 |
综合类 | 142篇 |
数学 | 2280篇 |
物理学 | 2783篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 109篇 |
2022年 | 260篇 |
2021年 | 332篇 |
2020年 | 178篇 |
2019年 | 154篇 |
2018年 | 143篇 |
2017年 | 221篇 |
2016年 | 264篇 |
2015年 | 182篇 |
2014年 | 338篇 |
2013年 | 555篇 |
2012年 | 403篇 |
2011年 | 368篇 |
2010年 | 410篇 |
2009年 | 447篇 |
2008年 | 443篇 |
2007年 | 478篇 |
2006年 | 325篇 |
2005年 | 286篇 |
2004年 | 236篇 |
2003年 | 258篇 |
2002年 | 181篇 |
2001年 | 154篇 |
2000年 | 136篇 |
1999年 | 119篇 |
1998年 | 123篇 |
1997年 | 117篇 |
1996年 | 113篇 |
1995年 | 80篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 65篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有7814条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Aiming at training the feed-forward threshold neural network consisting of nondifferentiable activation functions, the approach of noise injection forms a stochastic resonance based threshold network that can be optimized by various gradient-based optimizers. The introduction of injected noise extends the noise level into the parameter space of the designed threshold network, but leads to a highly non-convex optimization landscape of the loss function. Thus, the hyperparameter on-line learning procedure with respective to network weights and noise levels becomes of challenge. It is shown that the Adam optimizer, as an adaptive variant of stochastic gradient descent, manifests its superior learning ability in training the stochastic resonance based threshold network effectively. Experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of performance of the designed threshold network trained by the Adam optimizer for function approximation and image classification. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
Sergio Ayala‐Mar Javier Donoso‐Quezada Roberto C. Gallo‐Villanueva Victor H. Perez‐Gonzalez Jos Gonzlez‐Valdez 《Electrophoresis》2019,40(23-24):3036-3049
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by most cellular types that carry important biochemical compounds throughout the body with different purposes, playing a preponderant role in cellular communication. Because of their structure, physicochemical properties and stability, recent studies are focusing in their use as nanocarriers for different therapeutic compounds for the treatment of different diseases ranging from cancer to Parkinson's disease. However, current bioseparation protocols and methodologies are selected based on the final exosome application or intended use and present both advantages and disadvantages when compared among them. In this context, this review aims to present the most important technologies available for exosome isolation while discussing their advantages and disadvantages and the possibilities of being combined with other strategies. This is critical since the development of novel exosome‐based therapeutic strategies will be constrained to the effectiveness and yield of the selected downstream purification methodologies for which a thorough understanding of the available technological resources is needed. 相似文献
6.
Mariusz Marć Marek Tobiszewski Bożena Zabiegała Miguel de la Guardia Jacek Namieśnik 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
This review summarizes the different tools and concepts that are commonly applied in air quality monitoring. The monitoring of atmosphere is extremely important as the air quality is an important problem for large communities. Main requirements for analytical devices used for monitoring include a long period of autonomic operation and portability. These instruments, however, are often characterized by poor analytical performance. Monitoring networks are the most common tools used for monitoring, so large-scale monitoring programmes are summarized here. Biomonitoring, as a cheap and convenient alternative to traditional sample collection, is becoming more and more popular, although its main drawback is the lack of standard procedures. Telemonitoring is another approach to air monitoring, which offers some interesting opportunities, such as ease of coverage of large or remote areas, constituting a complementary approach to traditional strategies; however, it requires huge costs. 相似文献
7.
Toward Fuzzy Optimization without Mathematical Ambiguity 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Baoding Liu 《Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making》2002,1(1):43-63
Fuzzy programming has been discussed widely in literature and applied in such various disciplines as operations research, economic management, business administration, and engineering. The main purpose of this paper is to present a brief review on fuzzy programming models, and classify them into three broad classes: expected value model, chance-constrained programming and dependent-chance programming. In order to solve general fuzzy programming models, a hybrid intelligent algorithm is also documented. Finally, some related topics are discussed. 相似文献
8.
In this study, the nonlinear dynamic responses of a string are simulated using the Cellular Automata method based on the reflection rule. In the case of nonlinear systems, the velocity of wave propagation is not constant and depends on the amplitude. A new treatment of the dynamic time step is proposed for the Cellular Automata method considering the effect of the propagation velocity. As numerical examples, first, the dynamic responses of a string with linear characteristic are simulated using the Cellular Automata method. A typical resonance curve can be obtained. Second, the dynamic responses of a string with nonlinear characteristic are simulated using the proposed method. Some characteristic types of vibration can be obtained. It is concluded that the linear and nonlinear dynamic responses of a string may be obtained by simulation using the Cellular Automata method. 相似文献
9.
WU Jian-Jun GAO Zi-You SUN Hui-Jun 《理论物理通讯》2006,46(7)
In this paper, based on the utility preferential attachment, we propose a new unified model to generate different network topologies such as scale-free, small-world and random networks. Moreover, a new network structure named super scale network is found, which has monopoly characteristic in our simulation experiments. Finally, the characteristics ofthis new network are given. 相似文献
10.
G. Tiana M.H. Jensen K. Sneppen 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,29(1):135-140
A feedback mechanism that involves the proteins p53 and mdm2, induces cell death as a controlled response to severe DNA damage.
A minimal model for this mechanism demonstrates that the response may be dynamic and connected with the time needed to translate
the mdm2 protein. The response takes place if the dissociation constant k between p53 and mdm2 varies from its normal value. Although it is widely believed that it is an increase in k that triggers the response, we show that the experimental behaviour is better described by a decrease in the dissociation
constant. The response is quite robust upon changes in the parameters of the system, as required by any control mechanism,
except for few weak points, which could be connected with the onset of cancer.
Received 8 May 2002 / Received in final form 9 July 2002 Published online 17 September 2002 相似文献