Balanced contributions for TU games with awards and applications

Calleja et al. [Calleja, P., Borm, P., Hendrickx, R., 2005. Multi-issue allocation situations. European Journal of Operational Research 164, 730–747] introduced multi-issue allocation situations with awards. In this paper, we extend the classical model of cooperative games with transferable utility to the cooperative games with transferable utility and awards. We define a run-to-the-bank rule for cooperative games with transferable utility and awards and characterise it in terms of a property of balanced contributions. We apply our main result to bankruptcy problems and multi-issue allocation situations with awards.     

Sustainability in bankruptcy problems

This paper focuses on a new property for bankruptcy rules, calledsustainability, which requires that the agents with small enough claims be fully reimbursed. We show that the constrained equal-awards rule is the only rule that satisfies path independence and sustainability. Exploiting duality relations, we also provide a characterization of the constrained equal-losses rule, as the only one that satisfies composition and independence of residual claims (the dual property of sustainability).     

Bankruptcy prediction in banks and firms via statistical and intelligent techniques – A review

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the work done, during the 1968–2005, in the application of statistical and intelligent techniques to solve the bankruptcy prediction problem faced by banks and firms. The review is categorized by taking the type of technique applied to solve this problem as an important dimension. Accordingly, the papers are grouped in the following families of techniques: (i) statistical techniques, (ii) neural networks, (iii) case-based reasoning, (iv) decision trees, (iv) operational research, (v) evolutionary approaches, (vi) rough set based techniques, (vii) other techniques subsuming fuzzy logic, support vector machine and isotonic separation and (viii) soft computing subsuming seamless hybridization of all the above-mentioned techniques. Of particular significance is that in each paper, the review highlights the source of data sets, financial ratios used, country of origin, time line of study and the comparative performance of techniques in terms of prediction accuracy wherever available. The review also lists some important directions for future research.     

A coalitional procedure leading to a family of bankruptcy rules

We provide a general coalitional procedure that characterizes a family of rules for bankruptcy problems inspired by the Talmud.     

Duality in land rental problems

Land rental problems describe situations where one tenant demands land from several lessors. The way lessors rent their land can be seen as equivalent to a bankruptcy problem. We extend the idea of self-duality in bankruptcy problems to land rental problems. We provide a complete characterization of the family of rules that satisfy self-duality. Moreover, self-duality is enough to assure the proportional land share among lessors. Adding other reasonable properties, we pick up a single rule.     

A composite run-to-the-bank rule for multi-issue allocation situations

In this paper, we propose a new extension of the run-to-the-bank rule for bankruptcy situations to the class of multi-issue allocation situations. We show that this rule always yields a core element and that it satisfies self-duality. We characterise our rule by means of a new consistency property, issue-consistency.     

A game theoretical approach to sharing penalties and rewards in projects

This paper analyzes situations in which a project consisting of several activities is not realized according to plan. If the project is expedited, a reward arises. Analogously, a penalty arises if the project is delayed. This paper considers the case of arbitrary nondecreasing reward and penalty functions on the total expedition and delay, respectively. Attention is focused on how to divide the total reward (penalty) among the activities: the core of a corresponding cooperative project game determines a set of stable allocations of the total reward (penalty). In the definition of project games, surplus (cost) sharing mechanisms are used to take into account the specific characteristics of the reward (penalty) function at hand. It turns out that project games are related to bankruptcy and taxation games. This relation allows us to establish nonemptiness of the core of project games.     

Can R&D expenditure avoid corporate bankruptcy? Comparison between Japanese machinery and electric equipment industries using DEA–discriminant analysis

This study compares data envelopment analysis–discriminant analysis (DEA–DA) with Altman’s financial ratio analysis to identify the position of DEA–DA in financial performance analysis. Then, this study applies DEA–DA to examine whether Research and Development (R&D) expenditure influences the financial performance of Japanese machinery industry and electric equipment industry. The investigation of DEA–DA identifies that the R&D expenditure makes a positive impact on the financial performance of Japanese machinery industry, but it yields a negative impact on Japanese electric equipment industry. The result implies that the influence of R&D expenditure on financial performance (including the avoidance of bankruptcy) depends upon the type of a manufacturing industry. A rationale regarding why such a discrepancy has occurred between the two Japanese manufacturing industries is because the life cycle of electric equipments is shorter than that of the machinery products. Furthermore, the electric equipment industry faces more fierce competition than the machinery industry. This study suggests that the Japanese electric equipment industry needs R&D expenditure for competition in its global market. However, it is a high risk and high return investment. In contrast, the Japanese machinery is a technologically mature industry where the R&D expenditure influences positively its financial performance. In this sense, the R&D expenditure is a low risk and necessary investment.     

Methodological comparison between DEA (data envelopment analysis) and DEA–DA (discriminant analysis) from the perspective of bankruptcy assessment

This study compares DEA (data envelopment analysis) with DEA–DA (discriminant analysis) in terms of bankruptcy assessment. Recently, many DEA researchers propose a use of DEA as a quick-and-easy tool to assess corporate bankruptcy. Meanwhile, other DEA researchers discuss a use of DEA–DA for bankruptcy-based financial analysis. The two groups are very different from the conventional use of DEA because we have long applied DEA to the measurement of operational performance, or productivity analysis. The two research groups open up a new application area (bankruptcy-based financial assessment) for DEA. This study discusses methodological strengths and weaknesses of DEA and DEA–DA from the perspective of corporate failure. The proposed comparative analysis has the three main criteria: (a) how to handle negative data in financial variables, (b) how to handle data imbalance between default and non-default firms, and (c) how to identify a failure process over time. This study finds that DEA is a managerial tool for the initial assessment of corporate failure and DEA is useful for busy corporate leaders and financial managers. In contrast, DEA–DA is useful for researchers and individuals who are interested in the detailed assessment of bankruptcy and its failure process in a time horizon.     

随机波动率环境下企业内生破产的期权博弈分析

将企业破产作为委托人-代理人的博弈问题,应用期权博弈分析的方法讨论此问题．在企业的资产价值的波动率服从快速均值回复OU过程的假设下,导出各博弈方的权益满足的偏微分方程,利用Taylor级数展开及求解一组Poisson方程的技巧,得到各博弈方的价值表达式．进而,讨论各博弈方的破产决策;企业的投资决策;融资决策以及贷方避免在破产时遭受损失的激励合同．最后,总结波动率的随机性对文献结论的影响．