P.W.J.M鲍曼斯逝世

著名光谱化学专家P.w.J.M鲍曼斯于2008年10月26 日逝世,享年76岁. 鲍曼斯1932年生予荷兰,于阿姆斯特丹大学化学物理系毕业.1961年获博士学位.1961～1968年间在阿姆斯特丹大学任教,从事原子光谱分析,发射光谱光源激发机理的研究.1966年出版专集:"Theory of Spectrochemical Excitation"1968年他进入Eindhoven的Philips研究实验室,曾任该实验室主任研究员     

人造珍珠母

 最近, 科学家首次成功培育出人造珍珠母。这种具有彩虹光泽的多层材料, 呈线状分布于皱纹盘鲍(图左)等无脊椎动物的壳内。很多试图人工合成这种材料的实验都以失败告终, 最后只能以再结晶的方法从珍珠母中提取。失败原因主要是各层之间不能牢固结合, 就像劣质胶水黏合起来的三合板。     

基于滑移与微纤维伸缩两种耗能机制的弹塑性本构模型

本文考虑了固体材料内以拉压和滑移方式消耗变形功的两种主要物理机制,提出了用纤维构元与滑移构元共同组集的弹塑性材料模型.两种构元都是单自由度变形体,其力学性质及塑性变形中的耦合硬化系数可由传统的材料力学实验确定.各种取向的构元在三维空间中均匀分布,并与宏观应变协调变形.从模型结构的力学响应导出了全量型和增量型本构方程,不必预先设定加载函数(塑性势函数).构元经历的变形历史与其取向有关,作为组合效应的应力应变关系能反映加载路径的影响.因此,本文得到的本构方程既保持了简洁的数学形式,又能模拟复杂加载条件下材料的宏观弹塑性力学行为. 本文预测了几种多晶金属材料在典型复杂加载路径下的应力应变响应与后继屈服面,与实验结果吻合良好.     

鲍威尔（Powell，Cecil Frank，1903-1969）英国物理学家（Physicist，England）

鲍威尔是工匠的儿子，靠奖学金上了剑桥大学。1928年，他以第二名的成绩获得物理学博士学位。以后在威尔逊和卢瑟福。指导下进行研究工作。他发明了一种代替云室的方法。云室有一个缺点，只有当它的体积在膨胀时，云室中才能看到径迹。然而总会有一些情况是在云室未膨胀时发生的，这些粒子的径迹就不能记录下来。他的方法是让微粒打到照相底片的乳胶层上     

Novel spectral characterization method for color printer based on the cellular Neugebauer model

The cellular Yule-Nielson spectral Neugebauer （CYNSN） model to characterize a typical CMYK （i.e.,cyan,magenta,yellow,and black） 4-ink color printer is presented.By reconstructing spectral reflectance,models with high accuracy of spectral and colorimetric predictions are built.A novel cell-searching algorithm is proposed and used together with the iteration method to invert the cellular Neugebauer model efficiently.Large numbers of high quality hardcopy samples are produced to evaluate model performance and prove the feasibility of the algorithm.The spectral-based model performs better compared with the usual model based on CIE1931 XYZ tristimulus values.     

Powell dynamic identification of displacement parameters of indeterminate thin-walled curve box based on FCSE theory

The FCSE controlling equation of pinned thinwalled curve box was derived and the indeterminate problem of continuous thin-walled curve box with diaphragm was solved based on flexibility theory. With Bayesian statistical theory,dynamic Bayesian error function of displacement parameters of indeterminate curve box was founded. The corresponding formulas of dynamic Bayesian expectation and variance were deduced. Combined with one-dimensional Fibonacci automatic search scheme of optimal step size,the Powell optimization theory was utilized to research the stochastic identification of displacement parameters of indeterminate thin-walled curve box. Then the identification steps were presented in detail and the corresponding calculation procedure was compiled. Through some classic examples,it is obtained that stochastic performances of systematic parameters and systematic responses are simultaneously deliberated in dynamic Bayesian error function. The one-dimensional optimization problem of the optimal step size is solved by adopting Fibonacci search method. And the Powell identification of displacement parameters of indeterminate thin-walled curve box has satisfied numerical stability and convergence,which demonstrates that the presented method and the compiled procedure are correct and reliable.During parameters’ iterative processes,the Powell theory is irrelevant with the calculation of finite curve strip element(FCSE) partial differentiation,which proves high computation effciency of the studied method.     

杂色鲍脂肪酸及烯醚键基团的气相色谱/质谱分析

研究了简便快速分析杂色鲍中脂肪酸及烯醚键基团的方法.杂色鲍经F0lch法提取总脂,以10%浓硫酸.甲醇溶液为衍生试剂,于60℃水浴衍生15 min,采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术进行分析,共鉴定出31个化合物,包括25种脂肪酸和6种脂肪醛二甲基缩醛.杂色鲍脂肪酸以C16:0、C20:4(n-6)、C20:5(n-3)、C1...     

Mechanical properties and structure of Haliotis discus hannai Ino and Hemifusus tuba conch shells： a comparative study

Haliotis discus hannai Ino （abalone shell） and Hemifusus tuba conch shell have been studied for the purpose to comparatively investigate the mechanisms by which nature designs composites. It is shown that both shells are composed of aragonite and a small amount of proteins while the conch shell shows finer microstructure but lower strength than aba- lone shell. It is also shown that the fresh shells exhibits better property than those after heat-treatments. It is therefore sup- posed that the size of inorganic substance is not a dominant factor to improve strength, while both proteins in shells and the microstructure of inorganic matter also play important roles.     

船用液压联轴器外套线性强化自增强应力分析

为了提高船用液压联轴器的承载能力,需对联轴器外套进行自增强处理．采用线性强化模型,得到了液压联轴器外套自增强卸载后的残余应力、自增强压力和安装后的应力公式、公式表明最佳径比不仅与材料的屈服极限、弹性模量、线性强化弹性模量有关,还与鲍辛格效应系数有关、结合《船标》中规定尺寸进行了自增强分析,结果表明自增强外套的承载能力与非自增强外套的相比提高近50％．     

C~∞-solutions for the Second Type of Generalized Feigenbaum's Functional Equations

This work focuses on the second type of generalized Feigenbaum's equation(f(x)) = f(f((x))),f(0) = 1, 0 ≤ f(x) ≤ 1, x ∈ [0, 1],where (x) is C∞-increasing function on [0, 1] and satisfies that (0) = 0, 0 (x) 1(x ∈ [0, 1]).Using constructive method, we discuss the existence of C∞-single-valley solutions whose derivatives are not equal to 0 on origin of the above equation.