晶体X射线衍射的发现及其深远影响

 2002年和2003年分别是劳厄(MaxVonLaue)发现晶体X射线衍射和布喇格(W.L.Bragg)建立布喇格方程90周年。劳厄和布喇格的发现是20世纪物理学意义深远的大事。一、X射线的发现1895年11月8日德国维尔茨堡大学校长伦琴在做阴极射线实验时,发现了一种看不见的射线从管中阴极射线轰击的那个电极发射出来,经过一个多月全神贯注的实验探索,终于确认这是一种新的射线---X射线。     

关于三维各向同性谐振子径向矩阵元计算的讨论

根据广义Laguerre多项式的数学性质，导出了较为简单的三维各向同性谐振子径向矩阵元的普遍公式,并在这基础上计算了一些重要特殊情形的径向矩阵元: 矢径r整数次幂的平均值，电偶极跃迁矩阵元和电四极跃迁矩阵元. 关键词： 三维各向同性谐振子 径向矩阵元 广义Laguerre多项式 偶极跃迁 四极跃迁     

刚柔相嵌液晶高分子的赝二级相变温度

讨论了刚柔相嵌液晶高分子的向列相一各向同性相转变与其分子结构的关系．给出了该一级相变的赝二级相变温度Ｔ＊与这类液晶高分子的液晶基元和间隔基的长度、柔顺性（相关长度）以及它们之间的相互作用的关系的解析表示式．分析了液晶基元与间隔基连接处的表观弯曲（接口效应）对Ｔ＊的影响．文中的结论与实验相符．     

各向同性光纤中拉曼增益对光脉冲自陡峭的影响

运用数学解析法导出了关于拉曼增益与自陡峭综合效应的光脉冲传输方程,在此基础上引入洛伦兹模型将拉曼增益整合到非线性系数中来研究光脉冲中拉曼增益对自陡峭效应的作用,重点分析了高斯脉冲在各向同性光纤中传播时,拉曼增益对其自陡峭效应具体影响方式,结果表明拉曼增益会减弱自陡峭中后沿偏移程度,减小脉冲展宽,但不会影响其峰值大小.     

Phase behavior of amphiphiles at liquid crystals/water interface: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study

We present a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study of phase behavior of amphiphilic monolayers at the liquid crystal （LC）/water interface. The results revealed that LCs at interface can influence the lateral ordering of amphiphiles. Particularly, the amphiphile tails along with perpendicularly penetrated LCs between tails undergo a two-dimension phase transition from liquid-expanded into a liquid-condensed phase as their area density at interface reaches 0.93. While, the liquid-condensed phase of the monolayer never appears at oil/water interface with isotropic shape oil particles. These findings reveal the penetration of anisotropic LC can promote ordered lateral organization of amphiphiles. Moreover, we find the phase transition point is shifted to lower surface coverage of amphiphiles when the LCs have larger affinity to the amphiphile tails.     

横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播

基于孔隙介质的Ｂｉｏｔ理论１，研究了横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质中平面波的传播特性。首先导出了波传播的特征方程并给出了其解析解，结果显示：有４种不同波速的平面体波传播；第一准纵波，第二准纵波，准横波和反平面横波。文中给出了波速和衰减的解析表达式，数值计算了频散曲线和衰减曲线，并讨论了各类准体波位移之间的耦合关系。     

Application of Equivalent Air Gap Method in Uniaxial Crystal Plate

The equivalent air gap method is a simple way to trace the ray propagation in an isotropic medium, but it cannot be applied to an anisotropic medium. We present the exact general expressions of the equivalent air gap thicknesses and the displacements for the plane-parallel uniaxial crystal plates. They are also suitable for the isotropie medium. This method is useful when one determines whether certain size plane-parallel plates can be fitted into the available air of an optical system, and also in the prism system design.     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN INCOMPRESSIBLE HYPERELASTIC CYLINDRICAL MEMBRANES

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics are examined for a cylindrical membrane composed of a transversely isotropic incompressible hyperelastic material under an applied uniform radial constant pressure at its inner surface. A second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that approximately describes the radial oscillation of the inner surface of the membrane with respect to time is obtained. Some interesting conclusions are proposed for different materials, such as the neo-Hookean material, the Mooney-Rivlin material and the Rivlin-Saunders material. Firstly, the bifurcation conditions depending on the material parameters and the pressure loads are determined. Secondly, the conditions of periodic motion are presented in detail for membranes composed of different materials. Meanwhile, numerical simulations are also provided.     

Subgrid-scale contributions to Lagrangian time correlations in isotropic turbulence

The application of large-eddy simulation （LES） to particle-laden turbulence raises such a fundamental question as whether the LES with a subgrid scale （SGS） model can correctly predict Lagrangian time correlations （LTCs）. Most of the currently existing SGS models are constructed based on the energy budget equations. Therefore, they are able to correctly predict energy spectra, but they may not ensure the correct prediction on the LTCs. Previous researches investigated the effect of the SGS modeling on the Eulerian time correlations. This paper is devoted to study the LTCs in LES. A direct numerical simulation （DNS） and the LES with a spectral eddy viscosity model are performed for isotropic turbulence and the LTCs are calculated using the passive vector method. Both a priori and a posteriori tests are carried out. It is observed that the subgrid;scale contributions to the LTCs cannot be simply ignored and the LES overpredicts the LTCs than the DNS. It is concluded from the straining hypothesis that an accurate prediction of enstrophy spectra is most critical to the prediction of the LTCs.