冈村枝管藻孢子体的形态和超微结构

从日本冲绳采回枝管藻，用毛细管将成熟多室孢子囊挑出，在试验室条件下培养，可长成孢子体．用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察发现：孢子释放后形成盘状体附着在基质上，念珠状同化丝从盘状体中间分生．同化丝可从中间部位产生分支，多室孢子囊位于部分同化丝的近端部；同化丝大量产生后基部细胞平行排列，中空，形成假薄壁组织，而后孢子体进入伸长生长阶段；在每个盘状体细胞和同化丝细胞中都有多个色素体和线粒体，蛋白核突出于色素体其他部分，类脂体存在于类囊体中；在同化丝的细胞壁上存在缺口；对同化纤毛而言，色素体和线粒体数量少，紧贴细胞膜，质壁分离严重，在细胞壁上存在“通道”．     

Synthesis,characterization, and biological investigation of new mixed-ligand complexes

A novel series of mixed-ligand complexes of 5,5′-{(1E,1E′)-1,4-phenelynebis(diazene-2,1-diyl)}bis(quinolin-8-ol) (H₂L₁) as a primary ligand and 4-aminoantipyrine(L₂) as a secondary ligand with Mn(II) ion were prepared using two general formulae: [Mn₂(H₂L₁)₂(L₂)₂X₄].4Cl (X = OH₂( 1 ), ONO₂⁻( 2 ), Cl=nil; OAc( 3 ), Cl = nil) and [Mn₂(H₂L₁)(L₂)₂(O₂SO₂)₂]( 4 ). Free ligands and their complexes were characterized. Electronic absorption spectra of the mixed-ligand complexes indicate a distorted octahedral geometry around the central metal ion, and the anions X⁻ are in the axial positions for all compounds. The ligands behave in a neutral bidentate manner, through nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group (L₂), whereas H₂L₁ coordinated through nitrogen and OH groups as a neutral bidentate ligand. All complexes do not contain coordinated water molecules, but complex ( 1 ) contains four water molecules. The water molecules are removed in a single step. The complexes exhibited magnetic susceptibility corresponding to five unpaired electrons. The antimicrobial activity of the Mn(II) mixed-ligand complexes ( 1–4 ) against two gram-positive bacteria, three local gram-negative bacteria, and three fungi species was tested. Mn(II) mixed-ligand complex ( 2 ) exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp. Mixed-ligand complex ( 2 ) exhibited a high potential cytotoxicity against the growth of human lung cancer cells.     

青蚶精子的生殖进化特征

用透射电镜(TEM)研究了青蚶成熟精子的形态结构，分析了其生殖进化特征，成熟精子包括头部和尾部两部分，头部由顶体与细胞核构成，顶体似伞状，覆盖于细胞核前端，轴向纵切面观呈倒的浅V字形，可见有明显的横纹；顶体下腔似乳头状，其内有颗粒状物质分布，细胞核呈圆桶状，前端中央有-U字形核前窝，后端中央有一倒V字形核后窝；核物质高度浓缩，电子密度高而均匀，精子的尾部包括中段和末段，中段由5个(偶见6个)球状或椭球状线粒体围绕中心粒复合体构成；末段细长鞭状，由质膜和轴丝组成，轴丝为典型的“9 2”结构，从精子的超微结构可以追寻蚶科动物的系统演化途径，青蚶精子在蚶科动物生殖进化中占据重要的地位。     

两种吸血蛭类光感受器的超微结构

运用透射电镜技术对采自浙江的日本医蛭和天目山蛭的光感受器-眼的超微结构进行了比较研究.发现两者的主要差别在于前者眼的色素杯浅,且宽度与深度较为接近,透光体微绒毛可卷曲;后者眼的色素杯深,其深度明显大于宽度,透光体微绒毛未见卷曲.天目山蛭感光细胞中由微绒毛组成的感光膜表面积远大于日本医蛭,因此陆生蛭类的感光能力比水生种类强,这与陆地环境的复杂性有一定关系.     

A study of the physiological changes and the nutritional qualities of irradiated apples and the effect of irradiation on apples stored at room temperature

The effects of γ-irradiation on the metabolism and nutritional qualities of cold Delicious apples and on the lethality of verticillate pathogenic fungi have been studied. The storage effect of irradiation on apples at room temperature has been observed. The results showed that the respiratory intensity of irradiated apple at 0.3–0.5 kGy was near or lower than that of unirradiated apple after 15 days irradiation. The amount of ethylene release was obviously inhibited when fruits were irradiated with 0.3–0.7 kGy. The flesh firmness of apple irradiated with 0.3–0.9 kGy was higher than that of unirradiated apple with the increasing of storage time. The negative correlations between the flesh firmness and the activities of pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG) were observed when the dosage was lower than 1.5 kGy. The 2.0 kGy irradiation damaged the ultrastructure of cells, induced the softening of apple. When apples were irradiated with 0.7–2.0 kGy, the contents of 4 important volatile components of apple would be decreased. However, the dosage mentioned above had no effects on the pure chemicals. The studies showed that there was no significant effect of irradiation with 0.3–2.0 kGy on the nutritional qualities of apples and this dosage range could effectively control the verticillate pathogenic fungi. The result of storage experiments showed that the rotting fruits were obviously decreased by 0.3–0.9 kGy irradiation.     

豫医无毛小鼠皮肤形态及超微结构观察

对豫医无毛小鼠及对照的有毛小鼠皮肤形态及超微结构进行了对比观察,结果发现豫医无毛小鼠出生后被毛状态正常,但是在12日龄前后开始从上眼睑脱毛,接着向头部、尾部扩展,整个脱毛过程约持续2周时间,结果除胡须外全部脱净,并终生不再生.脱毛后的豫医无毛小鼠内脏可视,随年龄的增长,皮肤角化程度和厚度增加,体表面积扩大,形成犀牛状褶痕;指甲过度生长,呈螺旋状弯曲,皮肤表面有淡黄色蜡样粘性物,而且随年龄增长,皮肤表面出现小的丘疹,胡须变得短而稀疏.电镜扫描发现脱毛前毛囊上部的毛管先变大,然后再脱毛,2月龄无毛小鼠皮肤表面有许多形状、大小不规则的泡沫样物质,沿着皮肤沟排列,无毛小鼠毛囊漏斗部极度扩张,内含一些角化样碎片,形成较大的椭圆囊,在真皮及皮下组织出现大小不等的包囊.至8月龄时,无毛小鼠皮肤表面为鳞片状角化物,真皮及皮下组织退化,弹性纤维排列凌乱,真皮及皮下组织几乎全部被几层大的真皮包囊充填.     

Comparative Spermatology of Protura and Its Significance on Proturan Systematics

A comparative study on the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of 20 species of Protura belonging to 16 genera and 8 families was conducted. The most remarkable characteristics are the unexpected diversity of the spermatozoa, both in shape and fine structure. In general they can be grouped into two main categories: long flagellate spermatozoa and short aflagellate ones. Accordingly two sperm evolutionary lines of the spermatozoa were obtained: one trends towards the complicated acrosome structure and the increased number of axonemal doublets, and the other line is to shorten cell form and simplify sperm structure. The results indicate that the spermatozoa of Hesperentomon may be the primitive type, and the spermatozoa of Eosentomids probably represent the most evolved type. A sperm evolutionary tree was drawn according to the apomorphies of proturan spermatozoa. The phylogenetic position of Protura was also discussed.     

Antiproliferative effect of millimeter radiation on human erythromyeloid leukemia cell line K562 in culture: ultrastructural- and metabolic-induced changes

In the present study we compared the proliferation behavior, the ultrastructural morphology and the glycolitic metabolism of K562 cells irradiated by low-power wide-band millimeter waves, with those of sham-exposed K562 cells (control), maintained in the same culture conditions. The gigaHertz radiation treatments, performed between 53-78 10(9) Hz, induced a noticeable inhibition of the cell proliferation that could be related to relevant ultrastructural changes. Such effects brought the irradiated cell system to lose the homeostasis and to trigger defense/reparatory mechanisms in order to reestablish a new steady state. (13)C-Nuclear magnetic resonance data on the kinetic of glucose metabolism demonstrated that the irradiated cells enhanced the glycolitic aerobic pathway, indicating that such system need to produce an extra-bioenergy. Most of the ATP synthesized served probably to perform the above processes resulting in a significant decrease of the proliferation rate without significant cell death increment.     

色素类胆结石难溶原因的分析

本文采用不同的溶剂对溶解前后的胆色素类结石进行了超微结构的观测.并用能谱仪对溶解前后的胆色素类结石进行了主要元素的检测,同时对特征色素类结石进行了有机元素分析.通过比较溶解前后超微结构和各种元素含量的变化,认为胆红素与金属离子,尤其是钙及其它二价金属离子,形成了胆色素盐或配位给合物,并与糖蛋白等螯合成了大分子复合物,这是胆色素类结石难溶的主要原因.     

Antenna morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of Tetrigus lewisi Candèze (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

We used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the typology, morphology, distributions, and ultrastructures of the antennal sensilla of Tetrigus lewisi Candèze, a predatory click beetle that feeds on longhorned beetles, such as, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We observed eight types of sensilla on the antennae, including sensilla chaetica (with three subtypes: ch.1, ch.2, ch.3), sensilla basiconica (subtypes: ba.1, ba.2, ba.3), sensilla trichodea (subtypes: tr.1, tr.2), as well as sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla campaniformia, sensilla styloconica and Böhm's bristles. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in the antenna morphology, as well as in the density of type 2 sensilla trichodea and type 1 sensilla basiconica. We observed thick cuticular walls on sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea and sensilla campaniformia; clear pore structures on sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica and sensilla auricillica; and double walls with spoke-channels on sensilla coeloconica. The chemoreception, mechanoreception and thermo-/hygro-reception functions were deduced from fine structures on the cuticular walls and the dendrites of the different sensilla types. We suggest that all these sensilla have important roles in the host location, mating and predatory behavior of T. lewisi.