Discovery of radioactive silver (110mAg) in spiders and other fauna in the terrestrial environment after the meltdown of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant

Six months after the explosion of TEPCO’s Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, radioactive silver (^110mAg), was detected in concentrations of 3754 Bq/kg in Nephila clavata (the orb-web spider; Joro-gumo in Japanese) collected at Nimaibashi, Iitate village in Fukushima Prefecture, whereas ^110mAg in the soil was 43.1 Bq/kg. A survey of 35 faunal species in the terrestrial environment during the 3.5 years after the accident showed that most of Anthropoda had two orders higher ^110mAg in their tissues than soils, although silver is not an essential element for their life. However, tracing of the activity of ^110mAg detected in spider Atypus karschi collected regularly at a fixed location showed that it declined much faster than the physical half-life. These results suggest that ^110mAg was at once biologically concentrated by faunal species, especially Arthropoda, through food chain. The factors affecting the subsequent rapid decline of ^110mAg concentration in faunal species are discussed.     

中国近海背楣目、囊舌目（软体动物）区系的研究

中国近海共有背楣目、囊舌目软体动物30种，隶属于7科15属，主要分布在浙江以南的热带、亚热带海区，有些种类向北可以分布到达黄、渤海，部分种类仅分布于黄、渤海．区系性质属于印度-西太平洋区的中国-日本亚区．     

Plant protein-based feeds and commercial feed enable isotopic tracking of aquaculture emissions into marine macrozoobenthic bioindicator species

Brittle stars (Ophiura spp.) and other benthic macrofauna were collected in a prospective mariculture area in the North Sea to determine if these taxa could be used as indicator species to track nutrients released from future offshore aquaculture sites. We analysed natural carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic signatures in tissues from macrofauna and compared these to six feed ingredients and four experimental diets made thereof, as well as to a commercial feed with and without lipid and carbonate removal. Our data suggest practicability of using isotopic signatures of Ophiura spp. to track aquaculture-derived organic material if plant-based fish diet ingredients and commercial feed were used for fish farming in the German Exclusive Economic Zone. Diets with high fish meal content would not be detected in Ophiura spp. using isotopic measures due to the similarity with the marine background. Our data provide valuable baseline information for studies on the impact of offshore aquaculture on the marine environment.     

阿尔泰山两河源头保护区的昆虫区系

对阿尔泰山两河(额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河)源头保护区昆虫区系的考察结果进行了报道．考察结果表明：1．该地区昆虫经鉴定出的种类有19目150科643属1166种。据推测，整个昆虫区系不下4000种。是新疆昆虫物种多样性最为丰富的地区；2．据对直翅目和鞘翅目424种昆虫的区系成分分析．含有欧洲-西伯利亚种126种．占29．7％。泛古北种和中亚细亚种各103种．各占24．3％。此外还有中央亚细亚种、特有种、地中海种、欧洲中亚种、亚洲种、西伯利亚种、全北种和广布种，此地是以欧洲一西伯利亚种占优势．并富含多种区系成分的地区；3．昆虫区系同植被一样。具明显垂直地带性分布特征，山地荒漠亚带多为旱生型昆虫．山地森林草甸带大多为中生型昆虫，种类最为丰富，达816种；4．该地昆虫主要为草原和森林害虫．草原害虫以蝗虫为最重要．落叶松毛虫、舞毒蛾等蛾类、吉丁虫、天牛、小蠢虫、叶甲等是山地森林的主要害虫；5．资源昆虫分为天敌昆虫、珍稀和观赏昆虫、药用昆虫三类，蚁类同虫草一样．资源丰富，具有产业开发意义．     

新疆天蛾科昆虫区系组成

记术了新疆天蛾科昆虫30种和亚种及其他地理分布，寄主植物和区系组成，新疆天蛾科区系中亚细亚种为主，有12种，占40％；泛古北种7种，约占23%，亚州种6种，占23％，欧洲－西伯利亚种2种，约占7％；全产区1种，特有种2种，即罗布麻天蛾Hylea chamyla (Denso)，库尔戛天蛾Sphingonaepiopsis kuldiaenensis(Graeser).