四个麦芽品质性状的杂种优势和相关分析

本文对四个主要麦芽品质性状—a一淀粉酶活力、麦芽汁粘度、麦芽汁色度和搪化力进行了杂种优势和相关分析.(1)相对优势结果表明，在84个组合次中，呈正向优势的46个，占54.76男，负向优势34个，占40.48男，无显性4个，占4.75男;(2)四个品质性状的中亲优势平均值分别为一6.117、一9.965 40.452和一。.545s a-淀粉酶活力和糖化力的超高亲优势分别为一14.578和一8.201,麦芽汁粘度和色度的超低亲优势分别为5.442和70.455.四个性状杂种优势的变异系数均很大.(3)麦芽汁色度的F，对MP的回归系数(B)和相关系数(r)均达显著水平，分别为。..43和0.50，麦芽汁粘度的相关系数达显著水平，为一。.45,其余均未达显著水平，(4)除麦芽汁色度性状外，另三个性状的中亲优势、超亲优势和特殊配合力的相关均达显著或极显著水平.(5)四个麦芽品质性状间的相关结果表明，仅有a-淀粉酶活力和麦芽汁粘度间呈极显著负相关(r=一0.56').最后，文章根据实验结果，就啤酒大麦麦芽品质改良的遗传育种及其杂种优势应用进行了初步讨论.     

大麦光温敏雄性不育系的基本特性研究

雄性不育系 40 A是由核基因和环境条件互作而致的光温敏雄性不育新品系 .对其在不同播期下的育性表现及 F1 杂种优势的研究结果表明 :该不育系早播表现为雄性可育 (武汉地区在 10月 2 0日以前播种 ) ,晚播表现为雄性不育 (武汉地区在 12月上、中旬播种 ) .与多个测交恢复系配制的 F1 杂种育性完全正常 ,具有较强的杂种优势 .     

不同细胞质雄性不育小麦中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性比较

以几种具有较好应用前景的细胞质雄性不育型小麦为材料,对分蘖期小麦叶片中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性进行了测定,实验结果表明,亲本中国春的谷胱甘肽的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的比活最高,华麦8号次之,细胞质雄性不育小麦均低于保持系中国春与华麦8号,这可能意味着细胞质雄性不育小麦在分蘖斯植株体内清除活性氧代谢的能力的能力低于可育品种,是小麦以后发育过程花粉走向败育的内在原因之一。     

Microcalorimetric studies on the mitochondria metabolism of Cyprinus Carpio val and its parents

The metabolic thermogenic curves of liver mitochondria isolated from the livers of Cyprinus Carpio vol and its parents were determined at 28°C by using an LKB‐2277 Bioactivity Monitor. The results indicated that their thermogenic curves are different The total heat output and total time of the metabolism of the liver mitochondria of the hybrid F₁ (Cyprinus Carpio val) are more than those of its parents, and its maximum heat power is between that of the female parent and male parent. The relationship between their metabolic thermogenic curves and character of mitochondrial metabolism, and thermokinetics and the heterosis were analyzed and discussed. The character of the mitochondrial thermogenic curves reflected the physiologic character of heterosis. The microcalorimetric method proved to be a probable and sensitive tool for the assessment of heterosis.     

八个大麦品种的杂种优势与配合力的研究

选用八个大麦品种进行双列杂交,分析六个主要农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力.结果表明:除每穗结实粒数外,所有性状的平均中亲优势为8一” %.依次是:单株产量一千粒重一穗长一株高一单株分蒙数.所有性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达显著,表明存在加性和非加性遗传效应.同时也观察到亲本的平均生产力并不总是与它们的一般配合力效应相关     

Novel intramolecular coordination chemistry of some new metallocene complexes

The metabolic thermogenic curves of liver mitochondria isolated from the livers of Cyprinus Carpio vol and its parents were determined at 28°C by using an LKB‐2277 Bioactivity Monitor. The results indicated that their thermogenic curves are different The total heat output and total time of the metabolism of the liver mitochondria of the hybrid F₁ (Cyprinus Carpio val) are more than those of its parents, and its maximum heat power is between that of the female parent and male parent. The relationship between their metabolic thermogenic curves and character of mitochondrial metabolism, and thermokinetics and the heterosis were analyzed and discussed. The character of the mitochondrial thermogenic curves reflected the physiologic character of heterosis. The microcalorimetric method proved to be a probable and sensitive tool for the assessment of heterosis.     

Identification and Evaluation of Aromatic Volatile Compounds in 26 Cultivars and 8 Hybrids of Freesia hybrida

Freesia hybrida is a group of cultivars in the genus Freesia with a strong floral scent composed of diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, the VOCs of 34 F. hybrida were extracted and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 164 VOCs whose relative contents were higher than 0.05% were detected. The numbers of VOCs in all germplasms differed between 11 to 38, and the relative contents ranged from 32.39% to 94.28%, in which most germplasms were higher than 80%. Terpenoids, especially monoterpenes, were the crucial type of VOCs in most germplasms, of which linalool and D-limonene were the most frequently occurring. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated samples based on whether linalool was the main component, and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) clustered samples into 4 groups according to the preponderant compounds linalool and (E)-β-ocimene. Comparison of parental species and hybrids showed heterosis in three hybrids, and the inherited and novel substances suggested that monoterpene played an important role in F. hybrida floral scent. This study established a foundation for the evaluation of Freesia genetic resources, breeding for the floral aroma and promoting commercial application.     

鱼肝线粒体代谢热与品种生长及杂交优势关系的微量热研究

采用LKB-2277生物活性检测系统测定了六个不同品种鱼的肝线粒体的代谢热功 率曲线，目的在于建立微量热法评价鱼类品种优势以及应用微量热法预测杂交优势 的方法。实验得到了不同品种鱼肝线粒体代谢的活性恢复期速率数(k)和总产热量 （Q）。我们认为活性恢复期速率常数的大小表征物种对环境的适应能力，而总产 热量则表征物种的生物活性的大小。同时具有较大活性恢复期速率常数的总产热量 的品种是优势品种，采用活性恢复期速率常数较大的父本和总产热量较大的母本所 获得的后代具有杂交优势的可能性较大。     

不同细胞质雄性不育小麦中依赖钙/钙调素 的蛋白激酶的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱分析

以几种新型细胞质雄性不育型小麦为材料,对分蘖期小麦叶片中的依赖钙/钙调素的蛋白激酶(Ca2+/CaM-PK)的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱进行了分析,实验结果表明,不育系与保持系的蛋白激酶酶带之间存在差别,并且不育系之间也有差别,说明不育细胞质对核基因的表达也有影响,这可能与雄性不育有关,而且不育材料中存在潜在优势,可用来选育具有更强优势组合的核质杂种.