A Pilot Survey of Vocal Health in Young Singers

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of vocal problems in young choir singers and to correlate vocal problems with demographic and behavioral information. A questionnaire addressing vocal habits and hygiene was offered to 571 young choir singers, up to 25 years of age, who sing at least weekly; 129 (22.6%) responded. More than one-half of the respondents had experienced vocal difficulty, particularly older adolescents. Detrimental behaviors and circumstances surveyed were not reflective of the incidence of vocal difficulty, except for morning hoarseness, chronic fatigue, insomnia, and female gender after puberty. Voice care professionals should be aware that self-reported voice difficulties are common among young choral singers, especially postpubescent girls, and children with symptoms consistent with reflux (morning hoarseness) and emotional stress (insomnia). Laryngologists should communicate with choral conductors and singing teachers to enhance early identification and treatment of children with voice complaints, and to develop choral educational strategies that help decrease their incidence.     

我国医疗费用增长与医疗设备投入的相关性研究

近年来我国卫生总费用占GDP的比例增长很快,而在卫生费用结构上则发生政府投入下降和个人支出的上升。本文采集了大量的统计数据,采用统计相关性研究的方法,论证了医疗设备规模的不断扩大是导致医疗费用上升的主要因素之一;医疗设备的快速增长与医院维修费用投入的增长直接相关,而引起医疗设备维修大量投入的主要原因则是故障期内医疗设备的非正常闲置。本文通过对个人卫生费用的上升、医疗设备规模的扩大及其医疗设备维修投入费用增加相关性的分析,说明了在这种关系下,十分有必要研究医院医疗设备维修体系,以在卫生投入和患者权益上达到平衡。     

Broader Societal Issues of Nanotechnology

Nanoscale science and engineering are providing unprecedented understanding and control over the basic building blocks of matter, leading to increased coherence in knowledge, technology, and education. The main reason for developing nanotechnology is to advance broad societal goals such as improved comprehension of nature, increased productivity, better healthcare, and extending the limits of sustainable development and of human potential. This paper outlines societal implication activities in nanotechnology R&D programs. The US National Nanotechnology Initiative annual investment in research with educational and societal implications is estimated at about $30 million (of which National Science Foundation (NSF) awards about $23 million including contributions to student fellowships), and in nanoscale research with relevance to environment at about $50 million (of which NSF awards about $30 million and EPA about $6 million). An appeal is made to researchers and funding organizations worldwide to take timely and responsible advantage of the new technology for economic and sustainable development, to initiate societal implications studies from the beginning of the nanotechnology programs, and to communicate effectively the goals and potential risks with research users and the public.     

饮食中微量元素砷的分布规律与人体健康关系

采用催化动力学光度法测定了六大类(共三十种)样品中的总砷含量，探讨了砷在食品中的分布规律，建立了砷在人体中的安全系效和积累系效的效学评价公式，用于评价砷与人体健康的关系，这对人们选择食物有一定的指导意义。     

微量元素镍概论

阐述了镍的基本概况,包括镍的发现史、来源及性质,镍对人体健康的影响,科学补镍和防止镍中毒的方法。     

恩施来凤藤茶微量元素的分析及其保健功能探讨

用原子吸收光谱法等方法测定TN茶及常用绿茶中Fe、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Se、Mn、Co、K、Na、F、I的含量，发现藤茶中Fe、Cu、zn、Mg、Mn、Se、Na、F及I的含量比常用绿茶高。并根据测定的结果探讨了藤茶的保健功能。     

微量元素对人体健康的影响

阐述了微量元素的生理作用以及对人体健康的影响和微量元素平衡的重要性，对临床医学及日常生活有一定的参考价值。     

微量元素锌与小儿健康状况分析

对98例西安阎良一四一医院儿科门诊就诊的小儿发锌进行了测定，分析了锌与小儿健康的关系，并对低锌的小儿进行了治疗。通过治疗(药疗、食疗)症状明显好转，复查发锌正常者达85．7％。     

微量元素锡与健康

随着经济的发展，锡及其化合物越来越多地用于现代生活。综述了锡对人体健康的影响，包括：锡的性质、存在，环境污染、抗癌作用以及毒性等方面。     

广州黄埔区内0～6岁儿童近五年健康状况分析

为了解最近5年广州医学院港湾医院辖区内0~6岁小儿的营养、健康状况变化趋势和明确今后儿童保健工作的重点,对该院管辖的7所幼儿园集体儿童及9个居委散居儿童,连续5年(2002—2006年)的体检资料进行了回顾性分析,人数达14485人,所有的体检资料均按照《WHO 0~6岁儿童身高体质量参考值及评价标准》以及贫血、视力异常、龋齿的国家卫生部标准进行评价。结果表明,总体的儿童营养不良率为0.86%,肥胖率为1.87%,生长迟缓患病率为1.26%,轻度贫血率1.35%;观察各年情况,肥胖率有逐年增长趋势,儿童营养不良率无逐年下降趋势;广州医学院港湾医院辖区内0~6岁小儿的营养不良、肥胖、生长迟缓、轻度贫血等患病率低于全国水平,但也有不容忽视之处,营养不良、轻度贫血等并没有因生活水平的提高而消失。加强对家长的科学育儿健康教育,以提高他们的育儿知识水平,是儿保工作的重点,应进一步降低儿童营养不良、贫血的发生率;对儿童肥胖应当切实采取措施,预防和控制肥胖症的发生。