铈锆固溶体的合成及其在CH_4和CO催化燃烧反应中的应用

分别利用固态反应和共沉淀法制备了铈锆固溶体,并以其为载体制备了车用三效催化剂,考察其在CH4和CO催化燃烧反应中的作用.研究发现固态反应法所得固溶体孔分布较宽,热稳定性较差,但表面较多的缺陷位贡献于其较高的储氧性能.而共沉淀法所得样品拥有较高的热稳定性和催化活性.固溶体的还原性质可以通过铈锆比调控.关联催化剂对CH4和CO的催化氧化性能发现,具有较大比表面积、集中孔径分布和较高储氧能力的固溶体显示了较低的催化剂起燃温度和较高的催化活性.     

高比表面积Ce-Zr-O复合氧化物的制备与表征

以 Ce(NO3 ) 3 · 6 H2 O和 Zr(NO3 ) 4· 5 H2 O为原料 ,采用共沉淀法 ,合成了高比表面积的 Ce- Zr- O复合氧化物 .实验结果表明表面活性剂的添加量 ,溶液的 p H值及陈化时间等对比表面积的增加影响较大 .当表面活性剂的添加量为 70 % ,p H值为 9.5 ,陈化时间为 12 0 h,92 3K焙烧 2 h后 ,样品的比表面积达到 2 79.6 9m2 / g.FT- IR分析显示 ,样品经 92 3K焙烧后 ,Ce- Zr- O上残留的活性剂已基本除去 .TG- DTA分析表明 35 3K干燥后的样品在 TG曲线上有两个明显的失重过程 ,与 DTA曲线相对应有两个吸热峰 ,第一个表示吸附水和丙酮的脱去过程 ,温度在 393K,失重率为 7.4 3% ;第二个吸热峰在787K,可能是表面活性剂的分解峰 .氮气的吸 -脱附实验揭示 ,该吸 -脱附等温线属于 型等温线 ,是中孔多孔物质的吸附类型 .另外 ,样品经 973K焙烧 ,比表面为 2 30 .6 9m2 / g;10 73K焙烧后 ,比表面为12 0 .5 5 m2 / g;经 1173K焙烧 ,仍有 5 3.5 3m2 / g.     

Surface characterization of acidic ceria-zirconia prepared by direct sulfation

Acidic ceria-zirconia (SCZ) solid acid catalysts with a nominal surface density of ca 2 SO₄²⁻/nm² were prepared by a simple route consisting in soaking high specific surface area Ce_xZr_1−xO₂ (with x = 0.21 and 0.69) mixed oxides solutions in 0.5 M sulphuric acid. Characterizations by TPD-MS, TP-DRIFTS and FT-Raman revealed that most of surface structures generated by sulfation are stable at least up to 700 °C under inert atmosphere and consist mainly as isolated sulfates located on defects or crystal planes and to a lesser extent as polysulfates. Investigations by pyridine adsorption/desorption have stated that: SCZ possess both strong Brønsted (B) and Lewis (L) acid sites, some of them being presumably superacidic; the B/L site ratio was found to be more dependent on the temperature and hydration degree than on the composition of the ceria-zirconia. By contrast, the reactivity of the parent Ce_xZr_1−xO₂ materials towards pyridine is mostly driven by redox properties resulting in the formation of Py-oxide with the participation of Lewis acid sites of moderate strength (cus Ce^x+ and Zr^x+ cations). Basicity studies by CO₂ adsorption/desorption reveal that SCZ surfaces are solely acidic whereas the number and strength of Lewis basic sites increases with the Ce content for the parent Ce_xZr_1−xO₂ materials.     

Lattice Defects and Oxygen Absorption/Migration in Ceria/Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions: Analysis by Semiempirical Interacting Bonds Method

Semiempirical Interacting Bonds Method was used to calculate the enthalpies of oxygen removal from the bulk of ceria and ceria-zirconia solid solutions. The energy of the bulk reduction was obtained to agree reasonably with the experimental data when the complex defect comprised of the oxygen vacancy and interstitial oxygen atom surrounded by six cations was suggested to emerge due to an oxygen removal from the bulk. The zirconium cations dissolved in ceria affect the energies of the bulk reduction and bulk oxygen mobility due to a decrease in the local Me-O coordination number from 8 to 7.     

介孔MgAl2O4涂层整体式氢气燃烧催化剂的制备与表征

以广义酸-碱对理论为依据,报道了一种仅利用纯无机碱和盐为原料在蜂窝陶瓷载体上制备介孔MgAl2O4涂层的方法,并通过原位酸碱反应对涂层进行CexZr1-xO2修饰和Pt的负载,成功制备出具有高催化活性的整体式氢气燃烧催化剂.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及N2吸/脱附分析仪表征了催化剂的微观结构.结果表明复合涂层不仅具有均匀的微晶结构,而且具有高的比表面积(>250m2·g-1)和大的孔容(0.32cm3·g-1).氢气催化燃烧反应结果显示,制备的整体式催化剂具有很高的催化活性,可以在室温下快速起燃,并且氢气的初始转化率达到95%以上.     

铈锆固溶体的微波辅助法制备及表征

采用共沉淀法并结合不同的老化处理方式(室温陈化、常规加热回流和微波辅助加热回流)制备了Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂固溶体。利用SEM、N₂吸附、XRD、Raman光谱和H₂-TPR等技术对样品的形貌、比表面积、孔结构、晶相结构、高温热稳定性和还原性进行了表征,并考察了其对CO氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,微波辅助加热回流老化处理所制备的固溶体属于立方萤石结构,颗粒的大小均匀,表面结构疏松,具有最大的比表面积和孔容、最高的热稳定性及最好的低温还原性。CO氧化实验表明微波辅助加热回流老化处理所制备的Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂固溶体具有最好的催化氧化活性。     

负载型CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的性能及其在甲烷燃烧Pd催化剂中的应用

以硅改性的氧化铝为载体,用反相微乳液法合成了负载型的CeO2-ZrO2固溶体(Ce-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3),用低温氮吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、拉曼光谱和x射线光电子能谱等方法对Ce-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3的织构性能、热稳定性和储放氧性能等进行了表征.结果表明,负载后的CeO2-ZrO2晶相与负载前相比没有变化,但热稳定性和在低温下的放氧能力及总储氧量明显提高.作为甲烷燃烧Pd催化剂的载体,Ce-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3的性能明显优于CeO2-ZrO2,Si-Al2O3和机械混合物CeO2-ZrO2 Si-Al2O3.使用0.2%Pd/10?-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3为催化剂时,甲烷90%转化率时的温度仅为345℃,比负载在其它载体上的Pd催化剂低175℃.     

Structural and Morphological Investigation of Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 Oxides Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method: Influence of Calcination and Redox Treatments

Ceria-zirconia mixed oxides of nominal composition Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ were prepared by sol-gel method. The structural and morphological modifications of these materials due to calcination and redox treatments up to 1000°C were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinements, specific surface area measurements (BET), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), TEM and SEM analyses. The materials maintain high OSC after several hours of treatments at 1000°C in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere, showing good resistance to the thermal ageing. An improvement of the OSC is manifested after repetitive redox cycles, even though textural characterization shows that reduction/oxidation processes induce sintering of the crystallites.     

铈锆氧化物固溶体对全钯三效催化剂性能的影响

铈锆氧化物固溶体对全钯三效催化剂性能的影响     

稳态实验考察经模拟道路老化的全配方稀燃Nox捕集催化剂上的Nox还原

Fully formulated lean NOx trap(LNT)catalysts of the type Pt/Rh/BaO/Al2O3 were prepared with and without incorporation of CeO2-ZrO2 in the washcoat,and their NOx reduction behavior was evaluated in steady-state,continuous flow experiments.In the fresh state, the CeO2-ZrO2 addition was found to exert little effect on NOx reduction activity using H2,CO,and NH3 as the reductants.However,after simulated road aging,NOx reduction activity was significantly impaired for the CeO2-ZrO2-free catalyst,whereas the perfo...