光度检测离子色谱法测定大豆中的植酸

本文介绍了用光度检测离子色谱法分离分析植酸的适宜条件。以NaNO_3和HNO_3为淋洗液,用磺基水杨酸和三氯化铁为柱后衍生试剂,使用国产YSA型阴离子分离柱分离和测定了大豆中的植酸,得到满意的结果。     

高效液相色谱法检测保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量

建立了保健食品中大豆异黄酮的高效液相色谱检测方法 ,通过正交试验法得出保健食品中大豆异黄酮的最佳水解条件为 :盐酸浓度2.0mol/L,酸体积40mL ,水解温度80℃ ,水解时间3h;采用HypersilODS2C18 色谱柱 (250mm×4.6mmID ,5μm) ,流动相为甲醇 -水(体积比47∶53) ,流速1.0mL/min ,检测波长260nm ,柱温40℃ ,线性范围在0.5～96mg/L ,相关系数r为0.999 ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)2.09% ,回收率在98.5 %～100.5 %。     

Evaluation of soybean seed protein extraction focusing on metalloprotein analysis

Two methods of protein extraction for soybean seeds were evaluated in terms of preservation of the metal ions bound to proteins after the extraction and separation procedures. The proteins were firstly separated according to their molar masses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then, the protein bands were mapped by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence in order to establish which metal ions were present in each one. Finally, some mapped protein bands were decomposed by microwave-assisted combustion and Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The extraction methods studied were Method A (based on the treatment of ground soybean seeds with hexane and their extraction with Tris–HCl and β-mercaptoethanol) and Method B (based on the treatment of ground soybean seeds with petroleum ether and their extraction with Tris–HCl, dithiothreitol, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, sodium dodecyl sulfate and potassium chloride). The best method was Method B, in which a 78% higher extraction efficiency was obtained when compared to Method A. Additionally, the metal-protein interactions were more appropriately preserved when Method B was applied, where the most affected ions were those that are bound weakly to proteins, such as Ca, K, and Mg.     

Analysis in protein profile,antioxidant activity and structure-activity relationship based on ultrasound-assisted liquid-state fermentation of soybean meal with Bacillus subtilis

This study investigated effects of ultrasound on the contents of peptide and soluble protein, antioxidant activity, functionalities and structural characteristics of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with Bacillus subtilis systematically. The results showed that there were significant effects of ultrasound treatments (frequency, treatment time and power density) on the contents of peptide and soluble protein (p < 0.05). Under the optimum ultrasound conditions (power density of 0.08 W/mL, frequency of 33 kHz and treatment time of 1 h) by single factor experiment, the contents of peptide and soluble protein increased by 31.27% and 18.79% compared to those of the control, respectively. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant activity (•OH scavenging rate, Fe²⁺ chelating capacity and DPPH radical scavenging rate) and functional properties (emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability) of FSBM were found to be noticeably improved by ultrasound (p < 0.05). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that ultrasound caused protein molecules to unfold with a decrease content of α-helix and β-turn and an increase in the proportion of β-sheet and random coil. Besides, atomic force microscope (AFM) results indicated that ultrasonication generally increased the surface roughness of protein and the protein sonicated with higher frequency (≥33 kHz) exhibited a greater height compared to lower frequency ultrasonication. Structure-activity relationship analysis illustrated that there was a good linear relationship between •OH scavenging rate and β-sheet/β-turn with Pearson’s correlation coefficient r of −0.86/0.90. Collectively, the selection of ultrasonic parameters is essential for the preparation of functional protein and bioactive peptide by enhancing fermentation of agroindustrial by-products.     

席夫碱钼(Ⅵ)配合物的制备及催化大豆油环氧化

以水杨醛和邻氨基酚为起始原料, 合成了N-亚水杨醛基-2-氨基苯酚配体(H₂SAP); H₂SAP与乙酰丙酮钼的无水乙醇溶液反应, 制得席夫碱钼(Ⅵ)配合物MoO₂(SAP)(EtOH); 采用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、¹H NMR及热重分析对配合物进行了表征. 以MoO₂(SAP)(EtOH)为催化剂, 研究了其催化合成环氧大豆油的催化性能, 考察了氧源种类、反应温度、反应时间及溶剂/助剂等因素对环氧化反应的影响. 结果表明, 以65%(质量分数)叔丁基过氧化氢(65% TBHP)为氧源, 在80℃时反应4 h, 转化率和选择性分别为43.0%和67.2%, MoO₂(SAP)(EtOH)在催化体系中表现出强烈的助剂效应, 当加入强给电子配体咪唑时, 环氧产率显著降低. 同时对该配合物催化环氧化机理进行了初步探讨.     

基于图像检索的大豆食心虫虫害高光谱检测

为减轻虫害对大豆的影响,首先使用相应的高光谱仪器进行样本采集,样本分为4类：包括带有微小虫卵的,带有幼虫的,有啃食痕迹的和完全正常的大豆各20颗;然后提出了一种基于三维图像检索(3D-R-D, 3D Resnet18 DCH)的大豆食心虫的高光谱检测方法。该方法从视频检索的应用中得到启发,考虑到视频不同帧之间和高光谱不同层之间存在类比关系,使用了在大规模视频检索数据集下训练而成的分类模型,将它作为预训练3D卷积模型进行训练。和已知的文献方法相同,使用公开的光谱数据集进行正式训练和微调,从而得到能进行特征提取的3D卷积网络,用图像检索来实现间接分类,通过利用样本之间的特征距离,实现在全新类别上的分类。为能适应任务,将模型最后的分类层变成了图像检索常用的hash层,从而得到了代表特征的二进制码。该方法不但完成了对不同情况下大豆种类的检测,还解决了训练时样本不足的问题。为探寻一种好的相似度匹配损失函数,对比了多种较新的方法,最后发现使用融入柯西分布的损失函数,实验效果最佳,最终模型的分类精度达86%±1.00%,和在大豆食心虫检测上最新的小样本方法对比,3D-R-D方法提高了3.5%左右的精...     

HPLC法测定豆制品中游离异黄酮的含量

利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对豆制品中的大豆黄素和染料木素的含量进行测定,从而研究豆制品加工中的游离大豆异黄酮分布情况。     

太赫兹光谱技术用于干旱胁迫下大豆冠层含水量检测研究

近年来水资源短缺问题日益严重,部分地区由于农业灌溉用水不足导致庄稼减产农民利益受损。大豆是一种需水量较大的农作物,一旦水分亏缺将直接影响大豆植株的形态和生长发育,从而造成大豆品质降低和产量减少。大豆叶片的水分状况可真实地反映植株水分受土壤水分亏缺的影响程度,因此,大豆冠层叶片水分含量的快速获取成为一种需要。太赫兹辐射在水中的强烈衰减使其成为一种非常灵敏的非接触式探针,可以快速、无损地检测叶片含水量。因此基于太赫兹光谱这一新技术进行大豆冠层叶片含水量的检测研究,用于实时监测田间大豆的健康状况。实验选用中黄13号大豆进行栽培,为尽可能模拟田间不同程度的干旱胁迫状况,将开花期大豆进行5个不同梯度：正常供水、轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫、重度干旱胁迫、严重干旱胁迫(分别占田间最大持水量的80%,65%,50%,35%,20%)的水分灌溉,每个梯度设置3个重复。利用人工称重法与便携式土壤水分速测仪结合将土壤含水量调控到各水分梯度要求。然后,将实验大豆植株运回实验室并利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱仪进行样本扫描,每个梯度采集18片冠层叶片,共90个样本,以2∶1的比例分为校正集和预测集。在获取各样本时域光谱数据后,根据Dorney和Duvillaret提出的模型进行了光学参数的提取,得到各样本的吸收系数谱以及折射率谱。定性分析了太赫兹时域光谱、吸收系数、折射率随水分胁迫程度不同的变化情况。实验发现：随着水分胁迫程度的降低,时域光谱的峰值呈不断衰减趋势,且均低于空白参考峰值,同时有明显的时间延迟。吸收系数值随干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐降低;折射率值同样随干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐降低。并利用偏最小二乘(PLS)和多元线性回归(MLR)方法定量研究了时域光谱、吸收系数、折射率光谱数据与叶片含水率的相关关系。结果表明,太赫兹波对大豆叶片水分差异十分敏感,基于时域光谱最大值和最小值的MLR预测精度最高,预测集相关性(r_p)达-0.939 3,均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.049 5。研究表明太赫兹光谱技术应用于大豆冠层叶片含水量观测具有良好的可行性,为开展大豆冠层含水量信息快速获取,实现科学节水管理与灌溉决策提供了新的检测手段和实验依据。     

大豆叶面积指数的高光谱估算方法比较

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是重要的生物物理参数,亦是各种生态模型、生产力模型以及碳循环研究等的重要生物物理参量,因此具有重要的研究意义。通过分析大量实测数据,选用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)和比值植被指数(ratio vegetation index,RVI)、主成分分析(principcal component analysis, PCA)、神经网络(neural network NN)三种方法对大豆使LAI进行了估算,比较分析了三种方法的估算结果。研究结果表明,植被指数法(NDVI,RVI),主成分分析,神经网络方法LAI都取得了较为理想的结果,验证模型的确定性系数分别达0.758和0.753, 0.954, 0.899,其中主成分分析方法和神经网络方法精度较高,主成分分析方法验证模型的稳定性更好,其验证模型的RMSE为0.267,明显低于两个植被指数(NDVI和RVI的RMSE分别为0.594和0.616)和神经网络(RMSE=0.413)。当叶面积指数较小时,植被指数能够较好地去除土壤、大气等条件影响,并精确估算LAI;当叶面积指数较大时,主成分分析能够弥补植被指数饱和的缺陷,得到很好的LAI估算效果。神经网络受LAI大小的影响效果居中,其对叶面积指数较小和较大时具有一致的估算效果,具有较好的应用潜力。     

Determination of betaines in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry--application to the detection of olive oil adulteration with seed oils

A CE–tandem mass spectrometry (MS²) methodology enabling the simultaneous determination of betaines (glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine and total content of carnitines) in vegetable oils was developed. Betaines were derivatized with butanol previous to their baseline separation in 10 min using a 0.1 M formic acid buffer at pH 2.0. Ion trap conditions were optimized in order to maximize the selectivity and sensitivity. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were established by evaluating its selectivity, linearity, precision (RSDs ranged from 4.8 to 10.7% for corrected peak areas) and accuracy by means of recovery studies (from 80 to 99%) and LODs and LOQs at 0.1 ppb level. The method was applied for the determination of the selected betaines in seed oils and extra virgin olive oils. MS² experiments provided the fingerprint fragmentation for the betaines identified in vegetable oils. In extra virgin olive oils, carnitines were not detected, making it possible to propose them as a feasible novel marker for the detection of adulterations of olive oils. Application of the developed method for the analysis of different mixtures of extra virgin olive oil with seed oil (between 2 and 10%) enabled the detection and quantitation of the total content of carnitines. The results obtained show the high potential of the developed method for the authentication and quality control of olive oils.