Preparative mass‐spectrometry profiling of minor concentrated metabolites in Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and off‐line electrospray mass‐spectrometry injection

Salicornia species have just been introduced to the European market as a vegetable named ‘samphire’, ‘green asparagus’, or ‘sea asparagus’. Due to its increasing attention, and associated value, minor compounds of Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq were investigated. The use of countercurrent chromatography and mass spectrometry enabled the search for known, as well as potentially novel natural products. Their identification was achieved based on molecular weights and mass‐spectrometric fragmentation data. Low detection limits enabled the visualization of all compounds with their identification in almost real time close to the preparative countercurrent chromatography experiment. A list of known natural products from Salicornia genus guided the identification process of compounds occurring in Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq by tandem mass spectrometry fragment comparison. The natural product classes were divided into four groups: chlorogenic acid derivatives; flavonoid derivatives; pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins; and other compounds.     

北美海蓬子甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因的克隆及表达载体构建

以北美海蓬子种子为材料, 采用RACE技术获得北美海蓬子BADH基因的cDNA全长序列. 结果表明: BADH基因cDNA全长为1836bp, 其中开放阅读框(ORF)为1503bp, 编码500个氨基酸, 预测蛋白的分子量为54.5kDa, 理论等电点为5.31. 推测出BADH氨基酸中含有甜菜碱醛脱氢酶家族高度保守的十肽序列(VTLELGGKSP)及与酶功能相关的半胱氨酸残基(Cys). 序列比对和系统进化树显示, 北美海蓬子与盐节木和盐穗木的亲缘关系最近, 同源性达94%. 并构建了植物表达载体pCAMBIA3301-BADH, 将其成功导入到农杆菌EHA105中, 为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础.     

欧洲海蓬子的X射线荧光光谱分析

利用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对欧洲海蓬子(Salicornia europaea L.)中微量元素的种类和含量进行了测定和分析,为进一步的资源研究和开发提供一定的科学数据.结果表明,海芦笋中含有丰富的Cl、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe等多种元素,其中Cl和Na含量分别为25.48%、11.96%.XRF简单...     

Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Extraction and Separation of Phenolic Acids from Salicornia Herbacea L.

This study reports the application of a dispersive extraction method for the extraction and separation of phenolic acids from Salicornia Herbacea L. using silica-confined ionic liquids as the sorbent. A suitable sorbent for phenolic acid extraction and separation was first identified based on the adsorption behavior of phenolic acids on different silica-confined ionic liquids. The sample was then mixed with the optimized sorbent and solvent to achieve dispersive extraction. After transferring the supernatant to an empty cartridge, a solid phase extraction process was used to separate the three organic acids from other interferences. Through systematical optimization, the optimal conditions were obtained with high recovery rates of protocatechuic acid (98.1%), caffeic acid (89.4%), and ferulic acid (92.2%). Overall, the proposed method expected to have wide applicability.     

The effect of natural UV-B radiation on a perennial Salicornia salt-marsh in Bahía San Sebastián,Tierra del Fuego,Argentina: a 3-year field study

The Antarctic ozone hole and a general depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer cause increased levels of ultraviolet-B solar radiation (UV-B) over Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of South America. For three consecutive growing seasons (1997–2000), we studied the biological impacts (morphology, physiology, demography and phenology) of natural UV-B radiation on a perennial Salicornia ambigua Michx. community in San Sebastian Bay (53° S and 68° W), Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. This is the first UV-B screening experiment on a subantarctic halophytic community. The shortwave UV-B spectrum (280 to 320 nm) was excluded by covering plots with UV-B blocking film (Mylar). These plots were compared to controls covered with UV-B transparent (Aclar) plastic screens, and unscreened plots. Shoot length in Salicornia was not affected by UV-B. Exposure to natural UV-B reduced biomass and density (by 17% and 38%, respectively). Concentration of UV-shielding pigments and cuticle thickness were both significantly higher (25–48% and 21–40%, respectively) in plants receiving ambient UV-B. The increase in cuticle thickness persisted throughout the growing season, whereas pigment concentration was higher at the beginning of the growing season. Also, the number of dead shoots was higher in plants exposed to UV-B. At the end of the growing season (March) shoot mortality was higher in plants exposed to ambient UV-B, and post-flowering senescence was 30 days earlier. Slight changes in the relative composition of Salicornia to Puccinellia were seen. The reduction observed in Salicornia shoot density under ambient UV-B was cumulative over time; 23% in the first growing-season, rising to 38% by the third growing-season. A similar incremental increase in pigment absorption at 305 nm was seen; 25% in the first and 48% in the third growing season.     

Seasonal variation in natural abundance of δ13C and 15N in Salicornia brachiata Roxb. populations from a coastal area of India

High and fluctuating salinity is characteristic for coastal salt marshes, which strongly affect the physiology of halophytes consequently resulting in changes in stable isotope distribution. The natural abundance of stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of the halophyte plant Salicornia brachiata and physico-chemical characteristics of soils were analysed in order to investigate the relationship of stable isotope distribution in different populations in a growing period in the coastal area of Gujarat, India. Aboveground and belowground biomass of S. brachiata was collected from six different populations at five times (September 2014, November 2014, January 2015, March 2015 and May 2015). The δ¹³C values in aboveground (?30.8 to ?23.6?‰, average: ?26.6?±?0.4?‰) and belowground biomass (?30.0 to ?23.1?‰, average: ?26.3?±?0.4?‰) were similar. The δ¹³C values were positively correlated with soil salinity and Na concentration, and negatively correlated with soil mineral nitrogen. The δ¹⁵N values of aboveground (6.7–16.1?‰, average: 9.6?±?0.4?‰) were comparatively higher than belowground biomass (5.4–13.2?‰, average: 7.8?±?0.3?‰). The δ¹⁵N values were negatively correlated with soil available P. We conclude that the variation in δ¹³C values of S. brachiata was possibly caused by soil salinity (associated Na content) and N limitation which demonstrates the potential of δ¹³C as an indicator of stress in plants.     

Chemical Structure and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Salicornia europaea L.

Salicornia europaea L. is a halophyte that grows in salt marshes and muddy seashores, which is widely used both as traditional medicine and as an edible vegetable. This salt-tolerant plant is a source of diverse secondary metabolites with several therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the chemical structure and biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from Salicornia europaea L.     

Overview of the Polyphenols in Salicornia: From Recovery to Health-Promoting Effect

Nowadays, there has been considerable attention paid toward the recovery of waste plant matrices as possible sources of functional compounds with healthy properties. In this regard, we focus our attention on Salicornia, a halophyte plant that grows abundantly on the coasts of the Mediterranean area. Salicornia is used not only as a seasoned vegetable but also in traditional medicine for its beneficial effects in protecting against diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In numerous research studies, Salicornia consumption has been highly suggested due to its high level of bioactive molecules, among which, polyphenols are prevalent. The antioxidant and antiradical activity of polyphenols makes Salicornia a functional food candidate with potential beneficial activities for human health. Therefore, this review provides specific and compiled information for optimizing and developing new extraction processes for the recovery of bioactive compounds from Salicornia; focusing particular attention on polyphenols and their health benefits.