Biostimulation-enhanced Biodegradation of Nitrobenzene in Contaminated Groundwater

In this study, biostimulation technology was used for bioremediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater by adding a mixture of lactose and phosphate, peptone, and beef extract. During the process of biostimulation, the remediation effectiveness, microbial dehydrogenase activities and microbial densities were investigated; the varieties of microbial community structure and composition were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique and the relative abundances of nitrobenzene-degrading gene(nbzA) were determined by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR). Findings show that the removal rate of nitrobenzene in groundwater could reach about 60% by biostimulation with lactose and phosphate, 70% with peptone and 68% with beef extract. The microbial dehydrogenase activities and microbial densities were all improved obviously via biostimulation. The results of PCR-DGGE show that the microbial diversities were improved, and more than ten kinds of dominant microorganisms were detected after biostimulation. RT-PCR results show that the relative abundances of nbzA gene of microbes in groundwater were increased significantly, which indicated that biostimulation actually enhanced the growth of nitrobenzene-degrading bacteria. Therefore, biostimulation is a cost-effective and feasible bioremediation technique for nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.     

湿地水质与水系浮游细菌多样性关联研究

城市湿地水质受人类活动影响,其水系浮游细菌群落多样性也因水质状况不同而变化.以杭州西溪湿地国家公园为研究区,分析人类活动特征差异对河道水质及浮游细菌群落多样性的影响,测定溶解氧、氨氮、硝氮、总氮、总磷等主要理化指标,运用聚合酶链式反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,分析各水样中浮游细菌群落多样性,通过主成分分析与典型对应分析等统计手段,比较各项理化指标与细菌群落结构的相关性.研究结果表明:湿地河道水质受人类活动影响显著,呈中度~重度富营养化;河道水域内细菌群落总体多样性较高,且多样性指数与硝态氮、总氮、TSI指数、电导率呈极显著负相关(r<-0.7,p<0 .01),与水温呈极显著正相关(r>0.8,p<0.01),相较于硝态氮、总氮等单项指标,综合营养状态指数与细菌多样性指数间具有最高负相关性(r=-0.90,p<0.01).浮游细菌群落结构变化受多种理化指标共同影响,其中限制性营养元素氨氮为主要调控因子.     

太湖水华过程中微生物群落的动态变化

通过对水华过程的原位观测,运用分子生物学手段对太湖藻类水华过程中微生物的动态变化进行了跟踪测定,PCR-DGGE分析结果显示,水华过程中,水体中细菌的种群结构发生了较大变化,细菌的种类和数量都有明显改变;荧光直接计数水华过程中细菌数量变化表明:在5~10月份水华发生过程中,水体中细菌总量呈逐渐上升趋势(R2=0.836);运用MPN法,对磷分解细菌分析表明,水华发生前期水体中磷分解细菌的数量变化不明显,而在水华后期数量有显著增加趋势.     

硝基苯废水驯化过程中细菌群落结构的变化

采用PCR-DGGE和RAPD分子标记技术分析了不同浓度硝基苯废水驯化的细菌群落结构变化,探讨硝基苯废水对细菌群落结构及多样性的影响.结果表明:RAPD分子标记显示不同浓度废水驯化的细菌群落的Neis指数(h)平均为0.2523,Shannons信息指数(I)平均为0.3730;而采用DGGE技术得到不同浓度废水驯化的细菌群落的h平均为0.2523,I平均为0.3958.RAPD分子标记分析可知当废水浓度从0%增高至10%时,多样性指数增加,而当浓度继续升高,多样性指数逐渐下降;DGGE方法分析发现当废水浓度从0%升高至60%时,多样性指数逐渐下降,但当废水浓度达到80%时,多样性指数比60%时略有升高.基于DGGE数据分析获得的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和丰富度指数与COD、Cl-及硝基苯浓度之间均相关极显著,表明废水中所含的硝基苯、有机物及氯离子含量是引起细菌群落结构改变的主要原因.利用RAPD和DGGE两种方法得到的不同浓度硝基苯废水驯化的细菌群落相互之间的平均遗传距离分别为0.5717和0.4700.不同浓度硝基苯废水驯化获得的细菌群落可分为两大组,一组包括高浓度(60%和80%)废水驯化细菌,另一组为低浓度(0%、5%、10%、20%和40%)废水驯化细菌.