Synergistic effect between 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcin and chloride ion on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid

The corrosion inhibition of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAR) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was studied using weight loss method and potentiodynamic polarization method. Results obtained revealed that together with chloride ion, PAR is an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel corrosion in sulfuric acid. It was found that for steel corrosion inhibition in the presence of single PAR in sulfuric acid the Temkin adsorption isotherm may be used to explain the adsorption phenomenon. For the mixture of PAR and NaCl used as corrosion inhibitor, however, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm can be used to satisfactorily elucidate the adsorption of mixture of PAR and NaCl. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that single PAR mainly acts as a cathodic inhibitor for the corrosion of steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The mixture of PAR and chloride ion, however, acts as a mixed type inhibitor that mainly inhibits cathodic reaction of the steel corrosion in sulfuric acid. By means of electrochemical polarization tests, a desorption potential at ca. −370 mV was observed for the adsorption of mixture of PAR and chloride ion, when potential reaches this value, adsorbed inhibitor molecule heavily departs from the steel surface. For the mixture of PAR and chloride ion, thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy were obtained from experimental data of the temperature studies of the inhibition process at four temperatures ranging from 30 to 45 °C, the kinetic data such as apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors at different concentrations of the inhibitor were calculated, and the effect of the apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors on the corrosion rates of cold rolled steel was discussed. The most suitable range of inhibitor concentration was discussed. The inhibitive action was satisfactorily explained by using both thermodynamic and kinetic models. Synergism between chloride ion and PAR was proposed. The results obtained from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization were in good agreement.     

水中痕量钼(Ⅵ)的4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚螯合活性炭吸附富集分光光度法测定

提出了一种简单快速预富集水中痕量钼（Ⅵ）的新方法，方法的机理在于4－（2－吡啶偶氮）－间苯二酚（PAR）与钼（Ⅵ）螯合后被活性炭中附，然后用NaOH解吸下来，再用水杨基荧光酮与钼（Ⅵ）显色，分光光度法测定钼（Ⅵ）的含量；详细研究了影响Mo-PAR螯合物定量吸附于活性炭上的各种参数，找出了最佳吸附－解吸条件，包括吸附酸度、PAR用量、吸附时间、解吸酸度等；该法的主要优点是操作简单、快速，干扰小，避免了常规方法中用浓硝酸消化活性炭费时和污染大的解吸方法，该法已用于测定水中痕量钼（Ⅵ），加标回收率达到94％－97％。     

Evaluation of the quality of colour changes of complexometric indicators in the titration of copper (II) with EDTA by tristimulus colorimetry

The quality of colour changes of the indicators hematoxylin, 4(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), xylenol orange, pyrocatechol violet, chromazurolS and eriochrome cyanineR in the complexometric titration of copper(II) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were studied with the help of tristimulus colorimetry, utilising a comparative study of the parameters SCD (specific colour discrimination), CIE La^*b^* 1976 and LABHNU 1977. Hematoxylin was found to be the best indicator among those studied. A screened indicator, viz. PAR + malachite green (52), was developed to enhance the quality of colour transition at the end-point and the accuracy of the titrimetric determination.     

Polarographische Untersuchungen an Komplexbildnern in Abh?ngigkeit von der Stabilit?t ihrer Komplexe

Zusammenfassung Das polarographische Verhalten der Komplexliganden PAN, PAR und TAR in ihren Komplexen wurde untersucht: Das Halbstufenpotential hängt sowohl vom pK_D- und pH-Wert ab als auch von Komplexstruktur, Lösungsmittel, Leitelektrolyt, Tropfgeschwindigkeit und Spannungsvorschub. Einflüsse der Metallionenkonzentration konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Aus den Meßergebnissen wurde eine Gleichung abgeleitet, die unmittelbar auf robuste Komplexe angewendet werden kann.

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Polarographic investigations on complexing agents in dependence on the stability of their complexesPart II

Summary The polarographic behaviour of the ligands PAN, PAR, TAR in their complexes was investigated: The halfway potential depends on pK_D- and pH-value and also on complex structure, solvents supporting electrolyte, dropping time and voltage feed. An influence of the metal concentration has not been observed. From the experimental results an equation has been derived, which can be applied directly to robust complexes.

Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, dem Minister für Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Landesamt für Forschung, sowie dem Verband der Chemischen Industrie, Fonds der Chemie, für Sachbeihilfen.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Acidity Constants of 4‐(2‐Pyridylazo) Resorcinol in Various Micellar Media Solutions

Dissociation equilibria of 4‐(2‐pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) in aqueous micellar solutions were determined spectrophotometrically at 25 °C and at the constant ionic strength I = 0.1 M KNO₃. For this purpose, the effect of nonionic (Brij‐35, Triton X‐100, Triton X‐114, Triton X‐405), and anionic (SDS) surfactants on the absorption spectra of PAR at different pH values was studied. Results show that the pK_a values and pure spectra of each species of PAR are influenced by percentages of a neutral and an anionic surfactant such as Brij‐35, Triton X‐100, Triton X‐114, Triton X‐405 and SDS, respectively, added to the solution of this reagent.     

Preliminary evaluation of the cadmium concentration in seawater of the Salvador City, Brazil

A method for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of cadmium in high saline samples is described. It is based on the adsorption of the metal in the activated carbon as complex cadmium(II)-4-(2-pyridylazo-resorcinol) (PAR). The final determination was carried by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimization of extraction parameters such as the pH effect, PAR mass, activated carbon mass and shaking time was carried out using a two-level full factorial design (2⁴) and two Doehlert matrix designs. The results of the factorial design, considering the analysis of variance (ANOVA), demonstrate that all these factors are statistically significant, as well as the interactions (pH×PAR mass), (pH×activated carbon mass) and (activated carbon mass×shaking time). The final optimization was carried out using Doehlert matrix designs considering the results of the factorial design. The recoveries were quantitative (96.0-106.7%) for seawater samples spiked with Cd at concentrations of 0.125 and 0.625 μg l⁻¹. A preconcentration factor of 149 was obtained. The effect of diverse metallic ions on the proposed procedure was investigated too. The procedure was used for cadmium determination in surface seawater samples collected in Salvador City, Brazil. The cadmium content in the analysed samples varies from 0.035 to 0.17 μg l⁻¹. These results are agreement with other data reported in the literature.     

微分简易示波伏安法测定分子筛中微量钴的研究

微分简易示波伏安法是一种新的示波分析方法．与经典示波计时电位法相比，具有灵敏度高、去极剂峰高易于测定等优点．本文研究了CO－4（2一毗院偶氮）间苯二酚钠（PAR）体系的示波特性并探讨了应用微分简易示波伏安法测定微量钻的可能性．试验发现，在O．2mol／LHAc－0·2mol／LNaAc－2·5X10－’mol／LPAR底液中，钻离子在iFE曲线的阴极支上电位为一1．68V处产生一尖锐峰，其峰高与钻离子浓度在1．5X10’～1·2X10－‘mol／L范围内呈线性关系，检测灵敏度为5．OXIO－’mol／L‘以此拟定了测定微量钻的新方法．与光度法相比，该…     

Determination of Metal Ions by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The mixture of metal ions [Bi(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Mn(II)] were separated in the bonded-phase strong cation exchange column (Vydac-401 SA) and monitored at 540 nm after a postcolumn reaction with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR). Citrate, tartrate, lactate and α-hydroxyisobutyrate buffer were used as eluent and it has been found that the elution order of some metal ions were changed with different eluents. The detection limits and the calibration curves of metal ions were also studied.     

The Preliminary Studies of Electrochemical Behavior of Paracetamol and Its Metabolites on Glassy Carbon Electrode by Voltammetric Methods

The new, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of paracetamol (PAR) and its glucuronide (PG) and sulfate (PS) metabolites is proposed. The electrochemical properties of the compounds were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). All measurements were carried out in Britton–Robinson buffers (BR) with different pH values over the pH range 1.81–7.24. The preliminary research indicated that PAR could be determined simultaneously with one of its metabolites. The linearity of calibration curves was obtained for concentrations between 1.65×10^?5 and 1.65×10^?4 M for PAR, 1.53×10^?5 and 1.53×10^?4 M for PG and 2.17×10^?5 and 1.52×10^?4 M for PS.     

变应性鼻炎患者发中7种元素检测及相关分析

为探讨常年性变应性鼻炎患者（PAR）的免疫功能与体内元素水平变化的关系，采用透射比浊法检测了PAR患者免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM,采用ELISA法检测了患者IgE，运用原子吸收分光光度法检测了患者发中的Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Sr的含量，利用统计软件进行相关分析。结果表明，PAR组与对照组相比，IgE升高，Zn值降低，Cu值升高，Cu/Zn比值升高，Sr值降低。相关分析显示Sr与IgM呈负相关。可见PAR患者免疫功能紊乱与发中元素锌、铜、锶水平变化有关，其机理值得探讨。