Specific oxidation of C-14 oxygenated 4(20),11-taxadienes by microbial transformation

Three C-14 oxygenated taxanes, 2α,5α,10β,14β-tetraacetoxytaxa-4(20),11-diene (1), 2α,5α,10β-triacetoxy-14β-(2-methylbutyryloxy)taxa-4(20),11-diene (2), and yunanaxane (3), major products of callus cultures of Taxus spp., were regio- and stereoselectively hydroxylated at the 7β position by a fungus, Absidia coerulea IFO 4011. Intriguingly, when 1 was co-administered with β-cyclodextrin and incubated with the fungus cell cultures, three other compounds 5α,9α,10β,13α-tetraacetoxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-14β-ol (7), 5α,9α,10β,13α-tetraacetoxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-1β-ol (8) and 5α,9α,10β,13α-tetraacetoxy-11(15→1) abeotaxa-4(20),11-dien-15-ol (9) were obtained.     

Biotransformation of (−)-α-Bisabolol by Absidia coerulea

(−)-α-Bisabolol, a bioactive monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, has been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and skin-caring properties. However, the poor water solubility of (−)-α-bisabolol limits its pharmaceutical applications. It has been recognized that microbial transformation is a very useful approach to generate more polar metabolites. Fifteen microorganisms were screened for their ability to metabolize (−)-α-bisabolol in order to obtain its more polar derivatives, and the filamentous fungus Absidia coerulea was selected for scale-up fermentation. Seven new and four known metabolites were obtained from biotransformation of (−)-α-bisabolol (1), and all the metabolites exhibited higher aqueous solubility than that of the parent compound 1. The structures of newly formed metabolites were established as (1R,5R,7S)- and (1R,5S,7S)-5-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (2 and 3), (1R,5R,7S,10S)-5-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (4), (1R,7S,10S)-1-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (5), 12-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (7), (1S,3R,4S,7S)- and (1S,3S,4S,7S)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-bisabolol (8 and 10) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. These compounds could also be used as reference standards for the detection and identification of the metabolic products of 1 in the mammalian system.     

Accumulation of cadmium,lead, and nickel by fungal and wood biosorbents

Native fungal biomass of fungiAbsidia orchidis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus nigricans, and modified spruce sawdust (Picea engelmanii) sequestered metals in the following decreasing preference pb>Cd>Ni. The highest metal uptake was q_max = 351 mg Pb/gA. orchidis biomass. P.chrysogenum biomass could accumulate cadmium best at 56 mg Cd/g. The sorption of nickel was the weakest always at < 5 mg Ni/g. The spruce sawdust was modified by crosslinking, oxidation to acidic oxoforms, and by substitution. The highest metal uptake was observed in phosphorylated sawdust reaching q_max = 224 mg Pb/g, 56 mg Cd/g, and 26 mg Ni/g. The latter value is comparable to the value of nickel sorption by wet commercial resin Duolite GT-73. Some improvement in metal uptake was also observed after reinforcement of fungal biomass.     

甲壳素脱乙酰酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件

采用固体平板培养和液体发酵筛选产生甲壳素脱乙酰酶的真菌,并且研究了产酶条件.结果显示在42株真菌中有26株有甲壳素脱乙酰酶活性,最终确定了构巢曲霉和蓝色犁头霉两株产酶活性较高的菌株,它们产生的酶活性分别是343U.mL-1和289U.mL-1.不同的菌株的产酶培养基中的碳源均为含乙酰基的碳源,最适氮源分别为酵母粉和蛋白胨,产酶能力都受Mn2 和Co2 促进,受Cu2 、Fe2 、Fe3 的抑制;构巢曲霉的最适温度、最适pH分别为29℃,7.0~7.5,蓝色犁头霉的最适温度、最适pH分别为31℃,6.5~7.0,最适发酵时间均为96h.     

Effect of Supercritical Fluids on the Biological Activity of Absidia coerulea for the Hydroxylation of Reichsterin’s Substance Acetate

In a number of fermentation processes, organic solvents are often used due to the poorsolubility of many substrates and/or products in water. However, the interface betweenwater and organic phases may lead to the diffusion-limited bioconversion. Supercriticalfluid technology can be employed to eliminate the mass transfer resistance existed in thebiphasic system1-6. Hydrocortisone is an effective anti-inflammatory drug and an important precursor ofother steroid drugs. The C11β-hydroxylati…