Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Mn^2＋ in Freshwater Snail Shells： Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarck and Fossilized Snail Shell

We study paramagnetic Mn^2 ions present in the nowadays shells of univalve freshwater snails of Pomacea canaliculata lamarck (PCL) and the fossilized freshwater snail (FFS), Viviparus. All these shells are abundant in Thailand. The PCL shells were ground into fine powder. A set of seven samples were then separately annealed for 2 h in air atmosphere at different annealing temperatures while the FFS powder was characterized as-received. The PCL shells mainly consist of aragonite and a fraction of calcite. The heat treatments of the PCL powder samples at temperature higher than 450℃ resulted in an irreversible phase transformation from aragonite to calcite. However, it is found that the FFS shell is mainly made of calcite, with a minor fraction of aragonite. The crystal structure of the high-temperature-annealed PCL samples are quite similar to that of FFS, which indicates that the metamorphosis (aragonite→calcite) in the FFS shell had occurred but was not yet completed, although it had remained under the pressure and temperature of the Earth‘s crusts over millions of years. Our detailed ESR spectral analyses of PCL and FFS show that Mn^2 ions enter the Ca^2 sites during a biomineralization process. Simulated ESR parameters of PCL-500 of Mn^2 at a uniaxial site of calcite are reported. It is surprising to And that the ratio of Mn^2 concentration present in FFS to those in PCL shells evaluated from ESR spectra is as much as 10:1.     

着生刚毛藻处理富营养化湖泊水

分别研究了室内和露天条件下在鹅卵石上着生的刚毛藻Cladophora oligoclona对富营养化湖水中氮(N)和磷(P)的净化效果及其对水华藻类生长的抑制能力,同时对处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力进行了测试.结果显示,刚毛藻在原始浓度总氮(TN)10.512 mg/L和总磷(TP)0.856 mg/L的富营养化湖水中能维持正常的生长代谢,并能有效去除水体中的N、P养分.在室内12 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、氨氮(NH4-N)、TP和无机磷(PO4-P)的平均去除率分别达53.13%,44.40%,35.71%和30.53%.在室外6 d培养期间,刚毛藻对TN、NH4-N、TP和PO4-P的日均减少量分别为1.643 5±0.413 9,1.350 3±0.352 4,0.113 7±0.041 1,0.074 2±0.033 0 mg/L,总去除率分别高达93.81%,94.62%,79.67%和77.66%.刚毛藻对水华微囊藻生长的抑制率达99.63%,处理后湖水的藻类生长潜力较原湖水下降了40.17%.据此认为,刚毛藻在净化污染水体、修复受损湖泊及防治水体富营养化等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

不同模拟条件下蓝藻甾烷化合物的分布及其对比

现代蓝藻(又称蓝细菌)水压热解生成的有机质与现代蓝藻模拟硅化转化为人工化石生成的有机质,表现出两种相反的甾烷系列化合物分布特征,前者C_(27)甾烷多于C_(29)甾烷,与传统的认识吻合;后者C_(29)甾烷多于C_(27)甾烷,属异常分布,在前寒武纪富藻燧石层样品中也发现C_(29)甾烷多于C_(27)甾烷,特殊的生物来源和热解实验的介质,方法与条件可能是甾烷类生物标志化合物分布特征差异的原因。     

A New Brominated Phenylpropylaldehyde and its Dimethyl Acetal from Red Alga Rhodomela confervoides

A new brominated phenylpropylaldehyde and its dimethyl acetal together with a new natural brominated phenol were isolated from Rhodomela confervoides. Their structrues were elucidated as 2-methyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propylaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(2,3-di-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl) propylaldehyde dimethyl acetal and 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester by spectroscopic techniques including IR, HRFABMS, 1D and 2DNMR experiments.     

八十年代海洋天然有机化学的进展

八十年代以来,海洋天然有机化学仍然继续发展,大量新的化合物,尤其是具有生理活性的化合物不断出现,海洋天然物的生物合成和人工合成研究也有新的进展。在海洋生物中,研究得最多的是海藻和海绵,其次便是珊瑚。     

淡水瓣鳃类鳃的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜观察了圆顶珠蚌,褶纹冠蚌,背角无齿蚌,卵形尖嵴蚌及河蚬的鳃表面纤毛的分布,排列方式及细微形态结构,结果表明：这５种蚌的鳃表面都有前纤毛,侧纤毛和前侧纤毛。此餐,仅在河蚬鳃表面前纤毛和前侧纤毛之间,观察到一种新的纤毛结构－前触毛。这一结构可能在河蚬取食时起作用。     

赤潮光谱特征及其形成机制

采用海面以上光谱测量方法 (Above water method),利用美国FieldSpec® Dual VNIR光谱仪测量了丹麦细柱藻、中肋骨条藻、海洋褐胞藻等三种浮游植物赤潮以及红色中缢虫这一原生动物赤潮的离水辐射光谱数据。强调赤潮与正常海水的光谱差异在于687～728 nm波段的特征反射峰,指出了浮游植物赤潮与原生动物赤潮间的显著光谱差异,并认为可据此进行某些赤潮种类的遥感识别。给出了浮游植物赤潮光谱反射峰、吸收峰成因;红色中缢虫这一原生动物引起的水色异常,与其体内的共生藻类及浮游植物色素碎屑有关;其摄食偏好、与藻类的共生特性研究以及藻类常温下的荧光发射特性研究,将有助于加深对于红色中缢虫赤潮光谱成因的认识。     

应用ICP-MS和GFAAS测定藻类食品中铅、镉的方法研究及比较

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定藻类食品中铅、镉含量的方法,并与国家标准方法石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)进行了比较.样品经过微波消解,分别使用ICP-MS和GFAAS测定藻类食品裙带菜和海带中铅、镉含量,各元素校正曲线的相关系数均大于0.9991,样品分析结果RSD均小于3.6%(n=6...     

中国菱科植物分类研究

<正> 世界各国对菱科(Trapaceae)植物的认识、利用和研究是由来已久的。因为菱类植物在各大洲的淡水水域地区分布广、生长量大,还可供食用及药用。所以,从人类社会出现以来,菱类植物和人类的关系甚为密切。今后,在实践过程中必被人们所重视,从而,使它的各个种类在生产方面,得到     

浙江鄞州和象山两地桃花水母的形态学比较

2003年7月9日至10月4日间于浙江省宁波市鄞州和象山两地分别采得多个桃花水母标本.观察发现,其触手伸展时呈细长线状,按其长短及着生位置均分为6级.4条主辐触手显著长于其他触手,但短于伞径.鄞州的桃花水母伞缘触手420～736条,平均544条.平衡囊管状,107～191个,平均151个;象山的桃花水母伞缘触手298～468条,平均349条.平衡囊管状,113～183个,平均147个.两地桃花水母的4个生殖腺为褐黄色或绿色,着生在主辐管下方,呈光滑的三角扁囊状或向下有一细长的指状突起.刺丝囊疣呈环状排列.其触手级数和数目,生殖腺形状和颜色,平衡囊形状和数目,刺丝囊疣形状和排列均与索氏桃花水母的亚种信阳桃花水母十分相似.通过对象山桃花水母不同时期形态的变化比较可知,随着水母体的增大,其伞径也逐渐地增大;触手级数、数目增多;平衡囊数目逐渐增多;小触手刺丝囊疣从乳突状变为棒状;生殖腺形状从米粒状变为小囊状、三角囊袋状.