木质素在塑料中的应用

总结了国内外近10年来木质素在塑料中的应用进展，重点对木质素在PVC、PP、PE、PF、PU等5个方面的研究成果进行了系统阐述，并对该技术的发展方向进行了分析预测。     

木质素磺酸铁催化合成N-取代吡咯

以造纸废料木质素磺酸钠为原料制备了木质素磺酸铁。以木质素磺酸铁为催化剂,催化2,5-己二酮与伯胺发生Paal-Knorr反应,生成了高产率的N-取代吡咯。该反应是典型的亲核反应,伯胺亲核性越强,反应速率越快,N-取代吡咯产率越高。反应中木质素磺酸铁电离出的Fe~(3+)是Lewis酸,起催化作用。木质素磺酸铁是一种生物质基固体催化剂,价廉易得、环境友好、操作简便、易于和产物分离、可回收循环使用。     

BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING COIL-ROD-COIL BLOCK OLIGOMERS WITH RIGID p-HEXAPHENYL AS CHROMOPHORE

The synthesis and characterization of coil-rod-coil triblock oligomers, poly（ethylene oxide）-b-p-hexaphenyl-b- poly（ethylene oxide）, are described. The number of repeating ethylene oxide units in each flexible block are 3 （EO3-PHP- EO3）, 8 （EOs-PHP-EO8）, 13 （EO13-PHP-EO13）, and 17 （EO17-PHP-EO17）, respectively. The structures of these oligomers are confirmed by ^1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EA, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The introduction of soluble poly（ethylene oxide） coils to the rigid p-hexaphenyl segment significantly improves the solubility of the oligomers, so they can form smooth thin films by spin-coating from their solutions. The oligomers are quite thermally stable and have 1% weight loss temperatures at above 340℃ under nitrogen. They can emit strong blue light in both solution and film state, and have fluorescence quantum yields of about 40% in chloroform. They are expected to have potential applications in optoelectronic devices.     

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF LIGNIN BY MEANS OF ION EXCHANGE PROCESS

The effect of resin structure on desalination of lignin solution was investigated,the optimal structure of resin is as follows;cross linking degree as 4%,ratio of cationogen to anionogen is near 1.with such resin the desalination of lignin was produced very well because the resin has both molecule sieving and ion retardation properties.The sulfonation degress of lignin and total salt content of lignin solution were determinred with ion exchange technique,the relative error less than 1%.The salt content of small molecule in the lignin solution was calculated from sulfonation degree of lignin and total salt.Among gel and macroporous resins the best separation of lignin from reducing sugar was achieved with interpenetrating sulfonated resin 2×1.5×1.The separation of lignin with interpenetrating resin was carried out simultaneously with fractionation of lignin,the effect of fractionation with macroporous sulfonated resin is better than that with interpenetrating resin,but the former has a definite sorption of lignin which decreased the recovery of lignin.     

Effect of Cationic Surfactant on the Inhibition of Ligninase by Hydrogen Peroxide

The inhibition of lingninase by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cationic surfactant CTAB was studied by kinetic speetrophotometdc technique. Results showed that addition of CTAB enhanced the inhibition by H202, but it did not alter the inhibition pattern and the inhibition constant changed little with theco-ncentration of CTAB. Modification of the enzymic protein by the surfactant monomer may be responsible for the above mentioned results.     

超声波辅助木质素磺酸钠烷基化合成表面活性剂

以木质素磺酸钠(LS)和1-溴十二烷为原料,吡啶为催化剂,在碱性醇水混合溶液中,利用超声波辅助烷基化反应制备生物基表面活性剂.通过GPC,UV,FTIR和1H-NMR对木质素磺酸钠及其直接烷基化产物(ALS)、超声烷基化产物(UALS)进行结构表征,结果表明超声活化使木质素磺酸钠的分子量从154200下降到106000,酚羟基的含量从0.65%提高到1.55%,活化效率达139%.1H-NMR谱中甲氧基的峰面积占总面积的比值由超声前的36.0%下降到超声后的21.0%.烷基化反应位点是LS的酚羟基,超声波活化烷基化效率明显高于直接烷基化效率.1%质量浓度的UALS的表面张力为28.2 mN/m,相同质量浓度的ALS和LS的表面张力分别为34.1 mN/m和41.5 mN/m.UALS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)是5×10-2g/L,比LS的低近两个数量级.超声烷基化效果较直接烷基化好的原因在于超声波处理一方面提高了酚羟基的含量,一方面破坏了大分子的三维网状结构,强化了体系的传质和传热效率.     

木质素及其模型化合物的加氢脱氧反应研究进展

随着化石能源的不断枯竭,以及所产生的环境问题-温室效应及其高硫含量引起的酸雨,迫使人类寻找新型替代能源.在众多可再生能源中,生物质因其碳中性,易获取,作为唯一可转化为液体燃料的可再生资源,正日益受到重视.全球每年生物质产出高达1.7×1011t,其中,含75%的碳水化合物如纤维素、甲壳素和淀粉,20%木质素,其他占     

酚羟基对木质素吸附层致密程度的影响

研究了酚羟基对木质素在固液界面上形成的吸附层致密程度的影响及作用机理.通过对碱木质素(AL)进行乙酰化处理制备了酚羟基含量显著减少的乙酰化木质素(ACAL).借助耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)研究了溶液环境中AL和ACAL所形成的单层吸附膜致密程度的差异,结合紫外-可见光光谱仪(UV)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了AL和ACAL分别与聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDAC)交替自组装所形成的多层吸附膜的致密程度在干燥状态下的差异.结果都表明,酚羟基的存在会使木质素吸附层致密程度降低.分析认为,酚羟基的存在不利于木质素中的芳香环形成共面结构,酚羟基含量降低后会引起芳香环间的共面性增强,促进形成致密的π-π堆积,从而使得木质素吸附层致密程度增大.     

羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐添加剂对钻井液性能的影响

为了进一步优化木质素磺酸盐作为钻井液处理剂的效能,利用其与甲醛的羟甲基化反应制备了羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐;采用红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了其结构;测定了改性前后的木质素磺酸盐对钻井液流变性、降滤失性、黏土水化膨胀抑制性等性能的影响.结果显示,改性后的羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐的整体结构变化不大,但羟基数量增加,与水的相溶性增强.与木质素磺酸盐相比,羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐在室温下对基浆有较强的提黏作用,经180℃高温老化后降黏、降滤失作用有所增强,形成的泥饼厚度降低,对黏土水化膨胀的抑制作用增强.     

Co@C催化木质素衍生酚类化合物的加氢转化

采用溶剂热法合成Co-MOF,然后通过一步热解法制备了Co@C催化剂.通过N2物理吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析手段对Co@C催化剂的结构进行了表征.探讨了Co-MOF热解温度、反应温度、初始氢压以及反应时间对Co@C催化...