基于COLLATE融合多图谱的心脏电影MRI右心室分割

右心室分割对肺动脉高压等疾病的心功能分析具有重要的临床意义.然而，右心室心肌薄、易变且不规则，其传统的医学图像分割方法仍然未能取得突破性进展.本文提出基于COLLATE（Consensus Level，Labeler Accuracy and Truth Estimation）的多图谱分割方法，首先以归一化互信息为相似测度对目标图像和图谱集进行B样条配准以获取粗分割结果；然后利用COLLATE对粗分割结果进行融合；最后采用基于形状约束的区域生长算法修正出现错误的数据.10例临床心脏磁共振短轴电影图像被用于算法验证.本文还将使用基于COLLATE的多图谱分割方法得到的结果与深度学习算法及手动分割进行了比较.结果显示与深度学习算法比较，使用本文算法得到的射血分数（Ejection Fraction，EF）与手动分割更加一致和相关，表明该算法的分割结果有望辅助临床心脏功能诊断.     

A mathematical model for the 3d location estimation of 2D echocardiography data

The recovery of 3D left ventricle(LV) shape using 2D echocardiography is very attractable topic in the field of ultrasound imaging. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to determine the 3D position of LV contours extracted from multiple 2D echocardiography images. We formulate the proposed model as a non-convex constrained minimization problem. To solve it, we propose a proximal alternating minimization algorithm with a solver OPTI for quadratically constrained quadratic program. For validating the proposed model, numerical experiments are performed with real ultrasound data. The experimental results show that the proposed model is promising and available for real echocardiography data.     

心电激励下的人体左心室力学响应分析

人体心脏通过电兴奋引起的心肌收缩实现泵血功能 ,而心肌的力学特性高度依赖于肌纤维结构。本文根据肌纤维旋向和复合材料理论以及电生理心脏模型建立了左心室的有限元机械模型 ,仿真研究了左心室在心电兴奋力作用下的力学响应。结果表明左心室的收缩过程是十分复杂的 ,包括轴向和径向的收缩及绕长轴的不同程度的旋转扭曲。从总体趋势上看 ,心尖处变形最为严重。此外 ,仿真结果还表明 ,心壁应力分布不均匀 ,从内壁到外壁有所减少 ;在心尖和心底部应力较大 ,其中内壁心尖处应力最大。这些结果说明了心脏的力学特性与心肌纤维结构、左心室的几何形状以及电兴奋刺激密切相关。作者将本文的仿真结果与医学图像及其它模型进行了对比分析 ,结果表明了该模型用于分析心肌力学功能特性的可行性     

后负荷对心室压力—容积关系的影响

本文利用一种心室分析模型，对心室后负荷，用更符合循环生理实际的非对称Ｔ型管模型替代三元件的Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｈｏｆ模型，在此基础上研究心室压力－容积关系随后负荷的变化情况发现收缩末期的心室压力－容积关系基本上不随后负荷的改变而改变。     

Modeling of aortic valve dynamics in a lumped parameter model of left ventricular-arterial coupling

A lumped parameter model of the sub-system of left ventricle, aortic valve, systemic arteries, systemic capillaries and systemic veins was considered during systole. A model of aortic valve dynamics based solely on geometrical and kinematical consideration is defined. The model is described by two geometrical parameters of aortic valve and a few kinematical relationships. The proposed model mimics the incisures in the aortic flow and aortic pressure very well. We showed that the dicrotic notch could be explained by aortic valve closing in terms of a lumped parameter model, without a need for any wave reflection theory. According to the proposed model the effects of aortic valve dynamics on the aortic flow and pressure are mainly limited to the valve opening and closing periods. The model offers a new paradigm for defining a more realistic left ventricle model.      

An investigation of the laryngeal system as the resonance source of the singer''s formant

Since its introduction, the Sundberg model of the laryngeal system as the resonance source of the singer's formant has gained wide acceptance. However, no studies directly testing this hypothesis in vivo have previously been reported. Thus, the present study was undertaken to test this hypothesis on three classically trained professional male singers. The vocal behaviors of the singer-subjects were evaluated during modal and pulse register phonation via magnetic resonance imaging, strobolaryngoscopy, and acoustic analysis. Results indicated the subjects did not achieve the laryngopharyngeal/laryngeal outlet cross-sectional area ratio requisite to the model and that the formant remained robust in pulse register phonation. It was concluded that these subjects' behaviors were not consistent with Sundberg's model and that the model was inadequate to account for the generation of the singer's formant in these three subjects.     

Detection of diminished response to cold pressor test in smokers: Assessment using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging of the coronary sinus

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility for measuring the cold pressor test (CPT)-induced myocardial blood flow (MBF) alteration using phase-contrast (PC) cine MRI, and to determine if this approach could detect altered MBF response to CPT in smokers.

Materials and methods

After obtaining informed consent, ten healthy male non-smokers (mean age: 28 ± 5 years) and ten age-matched male smokers (smoking duration ≥ 5 years, mean age: 28 ± 3 years) were examined in this institutional review board approved study. Breath-hold PC cine MR images of the coronary sinus were obtained with a 3 T MR imager with 32 channel coils at rest and during a CPT performed after immersing one foot in ice water. MBF was calculated as coronary sinus flow divided by the left ventricular (LV) mass which was given as a total LV myocardial volume measured on cine MRI multiplied by the specific gravity (1.05 g/mL).

Results

In non-smokers, MBF was 0.86 ± 0.25 mL/min/g at rest, with a significant increase to 1.20 ± 0.36 mL/min/g seen during CPT (percentage change of MBF (?MBF (%)); 39.2% ± 14.4%, p < 0.001). Inter-study reproducibility for ?MBF (%) measurements by different MR technologist was good, as indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 and reproducibility coefficient of 10.5%. There was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers for resting MBF (0.85 ± 0.32 mL/min/g, p = 0.91). However, ?MBF (%) in smokers was significantly reduced (-4.0 ± 32.2% vs. 39.2 ± 14.4%, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

PC cine MRI can be used to reproducibly quantify MBF response to CPT and to detect impaired flow response in smokers. This MR approach may be useful for monitoring the sequential change of coronary blood flow in various potentially pathologic conditions and for investigating its relationship with cardiovascular risk.     

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: toward a comprehensive CMR exam

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder characterized by abnormally increased blood pressure of the pulmonary circulation. The clinical course of the untreated PAH involves rapid progression to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Right heart catheterization is the gold-standard method for confirming PAH. However, the technique's invasiveness and associated risks preclude its use on a regular basis. Different imaging techniques have been implemented for evaluating PAH, including echocardiography, computed tomography and nuclear medicine. However, these techniques have their own limitations. During the past decade, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been increasingly used for the evaluation of different cardiovascular diseases, including PAH, due to its high resolution, high tissue contrast, and the plethora of anatomical and physiological parameters that can be measured with this modality. This article presents an up-to-date review of the implementation of CMR for evaluating PAH. This is achieved by describing a comprehensive CMR protocol that includes several imaging sequences for assessing different cardiovascular parameters pertaining to PAH. In contrast to the previously published articles, the presented CMR protocol evaluates both RV function and pulmonary artery hemodynamics, which are both affected in PAH. Each imaging sequence is explained along with the image analysis steps required for deriving the cardiovascular parameters of interest. Then, based on an extensive literature review, the article illustrates the significance of the derived cardiovascular parameters and their association with PAH. The article concludes with a discussion of the advantages of the proposed CMR exam for better understanding of the disease pathophysiology and treatment planning.     

左心室舒张末期容积周期变化的非线性动力学模拟

采用集中参数模型模拟心血管系统,左心室采用Starling模型,动脉系统采用四元件Burattini&Gnudi模型,并考虑了动脉压对心动周期的反馈作用.     

心室的后负荷、泵功能及与动脉的耦合

近２０年来心室后负荷、泵功能及心室－动脉耦合的研究已有了很大的发展和某些医疗应用．在静态情况下,这一问题的研究已比较成熟．对于动态情形,目前已作了不少动物实验,并提出一些理论模型．本文首先评述２０多年来这一问题的发展概况,然后报告笔者近期的研究结果,最后提出进一步需要研究的问题