Design and performance analysis of beam steering birefringent mercurous chloride acousto-optic device

I.IntroductionThepcrformanccsofAcousto-optic(AO)dcviccareoftenlimitcdbythepropertiesofAOmcdiawhenitisusedinAOsigna1processingsystems.Thespectrumanalyzersandcorre1ationreceivers,forinstancc,areexpcctcdtoimprovcthereso1utionanddynamicrangcwhilereducingtheproccssorvolume.Rccent1y,ancwclassofmateria1s,themercurousha1ides,promiscstocontributeimportantsolutionstosuchnccdsandisrefincdtopractica1uti1izations.Themecurousha1ideweconsidcrinthispapcrismecurouschloride(Hg,C1,).Thesing1ecrystalofHg,Cl…     

Optical characterization of high speed microscanners based on static slit profiling method

Optical characterization of high-speed microscanners is a challenging task that usually requires special high speed, extremely expensive camera systems. This paper presents a novel simple method to characterize the scanned beam spot profile and size in high-speed optical scanners under operation. It allows measuring the beam profile and the spot sizes at different scanning angles. The method is analyzed theoretically and applied experimentally on the characterization of a Micro Electro Mechanical MEMS scanner operating at 2.6 kHz. The variation of the spot size versus the scanning angle, up to ±15°, is extracted and the dynamic bending curvature effect of the micromirror is predicted.     

Oil Base Mud. Part I: Synthesis of Some Local Surfactants Used as Primary Emulsifiers for Oil Base Mud and Evaluation of Their Rheology Properties

Six oil soluble nonionic surfactants with different HLBs have been prepared. Their HLBs situate between 3.9 and 6.7. Transesterification was carried out for glycerol and triethanol amine with oleic acid at different moles to obtain six emusilifiers. They named glycerol momooleate (I), glycerol diooleate (II), glycerol trioleate (III), triethanol amine mono-, di- and tri-oleate (IV), (V,) and (VI). The chemical structure was confirmed using; the elemental analysis, FTIR and ¹HNMR. They were evaluated as a primary emulsifiers (PE) for thdrilling fluids (oil base mud) comparing with a currently used primary emulsifier (Fc). The water in oil base mud (w/o emulsions) was prepared. The concentration of emulsifiers and their HLB exhibited interesting rheology properties including shear-thinning behavior, yield value, viscoelastic effects, thixtropy, gel strength, and filtration loss. The rheology properties of such emulsions strongly depended on the average size distribution of the dispersed droplets that could be varied both with the bulk concentration and HLB value of the emulsifiers. The interfacial and surface properties of these emulsifiers suggest that the droplet size of the dispersed phase and bulk concentration are strongly related to the HLB value of emulsifiers. The w/o emulsion (mud formulation) stability is sensitive to the droplet size of the dispersed phase and HLB value of the used emulsifier. The results were discussed on the light the chemical structure of the primary emulsifiers and the emulsion ingredients.     

CFD Simulation of Rheological Model Effect on Cuttings Transport

Foam, as a non-Newtonian fluid, plays an important role in the underbalanced drilling technique in oil field development. The rheological properties of drilling fluids, such as foam, have a direct effect on flow characteristics and hydraulic performance. Two rheological models—the Herschel–Bulkley model and power law—were fitted to two foam systems in this study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the effect of the rheological models on solid–liquid (cuttings transport) hydraulics in concentric and eccentric annulus during the foam drilling operation. The simulation results are compared to the experimental data from previous studies. The results of CFD using the power law model are in good agreement with experimental results in horizontal annulus with respect to the Herschel–Bulkley model with relative error less than 8%. Thus, for CFD cuttings transport for simulations in inclined and horizontal annulus, it is best to use the power law's rheological model parameters.     

Fast switching beam steering based on ferroelectric liquid crystal phase shutter and polarisation grating

We report on fast-switching and high-efficient optical beam steering based on a polymerisable liquid crystal polarisation grating (PG) in combination with ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) phase shutter. The PG was fabricated in a convenient single-step holographic exposure process using photo-sensitive azo-dye material as alignment layer for liquid crystal (LC) director. A binary electro-optical FLC was employed for circular polarisation selection, which enables the electro-tunable steering of the combined system. The efficiency of 95.7% with 82 μs switching time is obtained for 1064 nm laser. This work provides a versatile candidate for non-mechanical beam steering devices.     

直接测距型激光主动成像系统发展现状

对直接测距型激光主动成像系统进行了深入研究。按照工作方式分类介绍了国外相关研究机构激光主动成像系统的工作原理及系统参数, 归纳总结并比较分析了各工作方式的优缺点。分析认为:基于单点或小面阵探测器配合光机扫描方案可实现较远作用距离, 但其对激光器重频要求较高, 后续数据处理复杂, 且系统体积、功耗较大;而基于Flash探测器的激光主动成像系统易于实现小型化, 对激光器重频要求较低。作用距离受限问题可通过电子扫描得以有效解决。在具体应用时, 需根据实际需求, 综合考虑系统体积、质量、功耗、激光器输出峰值功率及脉冲重复频率、所能获取的探测器类型、后续数据处理能力等多种因素折衷选取。     

羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐添加剂对钻井液性能的影响

为了进一步优化木质素磺酸盐作为钻井液处理剂的效能,利用其与甲醛的羟甲基化反应制备了羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐;采用红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了其结构;测定了改性前后的木质素磺酸盐对钻井液流变性、降滤失性、黏土水化膨胀抑制性等性能的影响.结果显示,改性后的羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐的整体结构变化不大,但羟基数量增加,与水的相溶性增强.与木质素磺酸盐相比,羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐在室温下对基浆有较强的提黏作用,经180℃高温老化后降黏、降滤失作用有所增强,形成的泥饼厚度降低,对黏土水化膨胀的抑制作用增强.     

隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动影响的计算与分析

海洋油气资源钻探中隔水管的弯曲对钻柱振动以及钻进特性有特别的影响。为得到隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动的影响规律,对南海已钻深水井使用非线性有限元软件建立全井钻井数值计算模型,研究获得了不同垂深时隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动特性的影响规律。研究表明:隔水管弯曲会加剧钻柱的振动,钻柱振动加剧会导致钻井能耗上升、钻头切削能力下降并且会加快钻柱疲劳;当隔水管的弯曲达到某临界值,钻柱与隔水管间的接触力会陡增;井口的钩载越大,隔水管弯曲带来的井口钩载波动量越大;井越深,隔水管弯曲对全井钻柱最大弯矩和钻头切削能力的影响越小。     

Approximation of quantum assemblages

In this paper, we derive a set of projectors on a large Hilbert space which can universally work for approximating quantum assemblages with binary inputs and outputs. The dimension of the Hilbert space depends on the accuracy of the approximation.     

膨胀管残余应力测试

膨胀管残余应力是影响膨胀管抗外挤、内压强度的重要因素之一。确定膨胀管的残余应力,测试方法至关重要。在常用测试方法中,机械测量法中的盲孔法体现出测试的优越性。应用盲孔法测试J55、K55两种规格膨胀管的残余应力,并根据实际测试的应力水平和实验误差,采用应变释放系数分级法对试验结果进行修正,以提高测试结果的精度。实验结果表明,膨胀管膨胀后存在环向、轴向的残余应力,且外表面总是压残余应力。将实验结果与仿真结果对比,误差满足工程要求,说明盲孔法测试膨胀管残余应力方便、快捷、准确、有效。