A conformal mapping approach for investigating the free-boundary seepage from symmetric channels

We present a new method to investigate the two-dimensional free-boundary groundwater seepage from symmetric soil channels into a homogeneous isotropic porous medium. We use Levi–Civitá’s function to construct an integral representation for the conformal mapping of the complex potential domain onto the physical flow domain. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to calculate the coefficients of the Maclaurin series expansion of Levi–Civitá’s function. The coordinates of the points from the channel contour, calculated by means of the integral representation, must satisfy the analytic equation of the contour. We use this condition to define the objective function of the genetic algorithm. Levi–Civitá’s function is afterwards used to calculate the seepage loss, the free lines, the streamlines, the equipotential lines, the isobars and the velocity field. Some examples illustrate the method.     

环氧灌浆材料在莞惠城际轨道工程GZH-5标渗漏水治理中的应用

针对当前聚氨酯灌浆材料在渗漏水治理中存在的问题,提出了依靠堵水环氧灌浆材料和高渗透环氧灌浆材料进行渗漏水治理的新思路。环氧类灌浆材料既能够对混凝土裂缝等缺陷进行修复,也能够封堵渗漏水,希望修复后的缺陷能够保持和恢复混凝土结构的耐久性。     

含水合物沉积物多相渗流特性研究进展

天然气水合物作为一种储量大、无污染的清洁能源近些年受到了广泛关注. 近20年来,中国进行了较大范围的陆海域天然气水合物储层勘探与储量预测.2017年,中国地质调查局牵头对南海神狐海域的天然气水合物进行了基于降压渗流原理的试验性开采.国内外已进行的水合物试采工程面临着气体产量低、出砂较多等问题,其最主要的原因之一是开发过程中沉积物内复杂多相渗流机理尚不明晰.本文综述了平行毛细管模型、Kozeny模型等广泛应用于天然气水合物开发渗流分析的理论模型,对比分析了水合物开发多尺度渗流过程模拟方法,简述了国内外含水合物沉积物渗透率测试、渗流过程中沉积物物性演变以及水合物开采室内模拟等方面的渗流实验进展,总结了矿场尺度的天然气水合物储层开采过程中产气数值模拟手段,展望了多相渗流模型、储层原位含水合物样品室内测试及结构与物性演化、矿场尺度数值模拟与水平井压裂技术等应用研究的未来方向与挑战.      

多孔介质结构对渗流惯性效应的影响规律研究

本文通过局部展开算法研究了多孔介质中排列结构对非线性渗流规律的影响．计算结果表明：规则排列结构的渗流标度律和渗流方向相关,然而非规则排列结构的渗流标度律不依赖于渗流方向而只依赖于多孔介质的几何结构．伴随着排列结构的非规则程度增强,不同方向的渗流阻力变化规律的差异性减小．当流场输运区域较为复杂且不存在较宽直通道时,渗流阻力在较宽雷诺数范围内体现出较为明显的标度律特性．周期性强非规则排列结构中不同区域大小的模型却具有相似的渗流阻力的标度律特性,同时标度律特性与孔隙度的大小相关性不大．阻力非线性标度律由多孔介质结构的不同而取值为2至3之间．     

求解带自由面渗流问题移动网格法的改进及其工程应用

采用有限元固定网格和移动网格相结合的方法,求解带自由面的坝体稳定渗流问题。本方法是针对一般坝体的结构,在有限元网格生成之后,又自动生成了网格移动所需的信息,实现了网格在迭代计算中随自由面的变化自动均匀移动;讨论了网格奇异的不同类型,提出了避免单元形状怪异的移动网格方法;在欧拉空间中分区记录坝体不同的渗透性能,在网格移动到新位置后,自动识别网格所在的物性空间,从而确定单元在新位置上的渗流系数。本文将该方法应用到吉林丰满混凝土重力坝防渗加固的实际工程当中,在考虑大坝原有防渗措施的前提下,利用数值分析,研究了防渗芯墙对大坝渗流性能的影响。计算结果表明,加芯墙后坝体自由面位置明显下移,湿水部分大为减少,坝基扬压力没有明显提升,下游出水点位置没有明显下降。计算过程表明,本文方法及措施具有很好的收敛性与稳定性,且收敛性与自由面初始位置的选择无关。     

单裂隙流-固耦合渗流的试验研究

通过对较大尺寸的单裂隙岩体试块进行不同侧面加载的渗流试验,在实验室里开展了单裂隙流 固耦合渗流研究,模拟核废料贮藏库的围岩自由面的最危险部位的渗流量 应力耦合状态。分析了裂隙岩体渗流与应力的耦合机理,获得了几种典型情况下的试验数据,并拟合出不同应力条件下单裂隙岩体渗流量与应力间数学经验公式。从而说明并非任一方向的应力增加都能使渗流量减小,而是裂隙岩体的渗流量随着双向压应力的增加而减少,随着平行于裂隙面方向的单向压应力的增加而增加。缝隙开度虽然随着法向应力的增加而逐渐减小,但最终不可能完全闭合,所以,此时流量不可能为零。同时,在试验过程中还通过闭环控制来实现被加载面的均匀受力,这为大尺寸岩体试验提供了一种很好的加载方法。     

Steady ground-water flow through layered media

This paper deals with the flow through a layered medium that has alternate sand and clay strata. The solutions of plane, axisymmetric and spatial cases are given. Research results in this paper can be applied to seepage calculations and hydraulic engineering designs in flood areas and reclaimed marsh land.List of Symbols A _n Upward leakage factor of the nth sand stratum - A _n Downward leakage factor of the nth sand stratum - [B] Matrix of eigenvector - B _nm Element of [B] corresponding to the nth sand stratum and the mth eigenvalue - C _m , C _N+m Arbitrary constants belonging to the terms contained the mth eigenvalue - C_mj Arbitrary constant belonging to the term contained the mth eigenvalue due to a line source in the jth sand stratum - [D] Inverse matrix of [B] - d _f0 ^sup+ Additional length of the seepage path for ditches in symmetric flow - F, ^F _m Area and dimensionless area corresponding to the mth eigenvalue ( ^F _m = _fm ^sup2 F) - f ₀ Coefficient of additional resistance of partially penetrating well - H Total water head; upstream water head - h, h _n Water head and water head of the nth sand stratum - h _nj Water head of the nth sand stratum due to a line source in the jth sand stratum - h ₀ Surface water head - h/H × 100% Potential - i, j Number - k, k Permeability coefficient of the sand stratum and clay stratum, respectively - k _n , k _n Permeability coefficient of the nth sand stratum and the nth clay stratum, respectively - L Length - m Number - N Total number of sand or clay strata - n Number - Q _j Discharge of a line source distributed along a vertical line in the jth sand stratum - Q _ji The partial discharge of the ith well (or line source), which flows through the screen pipe penetrating the jth sand stratum - qj Discharge of a face source distributed on an area - unit breadth multiplied by the thickness of the jth sand stratum. The abbreviation is: unit discharge of a face source in the jth sand stratum - qji Unit discharge of a face source on the ith surface element in the jth sand stratum - R Constant radius - S Distance; length of a curve - ^S _m Dimensionless length of a curve corresponding to the mth eigenvalue ( ^S _m = _m S) - s Number - T _n , T _n Thickness of the nth sand stratum and the nth clay stratum, respectively - t Number; thickness - x, y, z Cartesian coordinates - y Polar coordinate; radius; distance - ^y _m Dimensionless distance corresponding to the mth eigenvalue ( ^y _m = _m y) - y ₀ Radius of well - y ₀ Radius of equivalent completely penetrating well - Infinitesimal half breadth - Infinitesimal area - Angle - Eigenvalue     

煤在瓦斯一维渗流作用下的初次破坏

作者观察了煤在瓦斯一维渗流作用下的初次破坏,发现破坏煤体呈球冠状;临界破坏瓦斯超压取决于卸载条件,煤型的强度、半径和长度,以及煤型所受的侧压,但与瓦斯吸附特性无关。对实验例进行了数值分析,结果表明煤体的破坏属于拉伸破坏;卸载速率的增高,侧向围压的减小与煤型几何半径的增大将使得煤体在瓦斯渗流作用下更易于破坏。     

Effects of rainfall infiltration on deep slope failure

With the finite element method and the limit equilibrium method, a numerical model has been established for examining the effects of rainfall infiltration on the stability of slopes. This model is able to availably reflect the variations in pore pressure field in slopes, dead weight of soil, and the softening of soil strength caused by rainfall infiltration. As a case study, an actual landslide located at the Nongji Jixiao in Chongqing is studied to analyze the effects of rainfall infiltration on the seepage field and the slope stability. The simulated results show that a deep slope failure is prone to occur when rainfall infiltration will lead to a remarkable variation in the seepage field, in particular, for large range pore water pressure increase in slopes. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-SW-L1-4) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2002CB412703)