国家自然科学基金情况介绍-兼谈高分子科学发展

概述了近期高分子科学前沿问题以及最新研究进展,对今后高分子科学的发展进行展望,介绍了2012年国家自然科学基金化学科学部高分子科学学科基金申请指南和申请注意事项等。     

一维氧化锌纳米结构生长及器件制备研究进展

介绍了一维氧化锌(ZnO)纳米结构的形态(纳米线和纳米带等)及其特点,阐述了该结构生长及器件制备的方法,例如水热法和化学气相沉积法等. 概述了该结构在发光二极管和纳米发电机等方面的应用进展. 最后,对一维ZnO纳米结构的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并在新方法和新工艺等方面提出了一些建议. 关键词： ZnO 一维纳米结构 制备方法 光电子器件     

不同温度下制备的CdTe薄膜对太阳电池光电性能的影响

在不同温度下用近空间升华法（CSS）制备了CdTe多晶薄膜,结合I-V,C-V特性及深能级瞬态谱研究了不同温度制备的CdTe薄膜对CdS/CdTe太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明,制备温度对电池组件的开路电压影响不大,对短路电流和填充因子有影响,CdTe薄膜的深中心对温度和频率的响应基本一致.580℃制备的样品暗饱和电流密度最小,载流子浓度较高,光电特性较好,而且空穴陷阱浓度较低,深中心复合作用较小.在此研究基础上制备出了面积为300 mm×400 mm 关键词： 制备温度 CdTe薄膜 深能级瞬态谱（DLTS） CdS/CdTe太阳电池     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

液相沉积法的应用及发展

介绍了一种新的湿化学成膜法—液相沉积法,对液相沉积法制备薄膜的原理、工艺流程及最新进展进行了详细阐述,并概述了其应用前景。     

核心素养导向下中考化学试题特点分析及对命题的思考——以2018年安徽省中考化学试卷第15题为例

以2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试化学试卷第15题为例,对核心素养导向下的中考化学试题的特点进行分析,从试题的情境、知识、问题等要素分析如何体现学科素养的测试宗旨,并阐述对命题素材的遴选及问题设计的方式等方面的思考。     

Mechanism of preparing monodispersed poly(acrylamide/methacrylic acid) microspheres in ethanol. II

We previously established a new mechanism of monodispersed poly(acrylamide/methacrylic acid) (PAAm/MAA) microspheres on the basis that the minimonomer droplets of AAm/MAA complexes were formed in ethanol at a polymerization temperature of 60 °C prior to the polymerization. Here, the effects of various factors such as the types and amount of initiators and crosslinking agents on the average diameters and morphologies of PAAm/MAA microspheres were qualitatively discussed on the basis of the new mechanism. The partition of reagents between the minimonomer droplets and the continuous medium was particularly emphasized in discussion because the formation of microspheres occurred in the minimonomer droplets. The new mechanism suggested that the size (number) and morphologies of the microspheres as well as the polymerization kinetics were consequently dependent on the properties and amount of initiators, crosslinking agents, and other monomers. It successfully explained the experimental phenomenon observed thus far in precipitation or dispersion polymerizations that the average diameter of microspheres is increased with the increase of the concentration of initiators, which contradicted the prediction of conventional mechanisms. As an example, the initiator dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (DMAIB) was dominantly partitioned in ethanol. Thus, the diameter of the PAAm/MAA microspheres was decreased with the increase of the concentration of DMAIB because the formation of microspheres depended on the adsorption of free radicals to the minimonomer droplets. However, the initiator 4,4′‐azobis‐4‐cyanovaleric acid was dominantly partitioned within the minimonomer droplets, thereby increasing the diameter of the microspheres as the concentration of initiator was increased because of the lower efficiency of free radicals. Relative to the initiators, the crosslinking agents showed inverse effects on the diameter and morphology of the microspheres according to the different partitions. The monomer was transferred by the incorporation of minimonomer droplets with growing microspheres. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2833–2844, 2004     

负电子亲和势GaN真空面电子源研究进展

结合国内和国外的最新研究成果,论述了目前在NEA GaN真空面电子源研究方面的现状. 从光电发射理论、表面净化方法、阴极激活工艺、光谱响应测试以及材料本身特性等方面针对GaN真空电子源的研究取得了一定成绩:初步研究了NEA GaN电子源的光电发射机理;给出了可获得原子级清洁表面的净化方法;采用Cs或Cs/O对GaN材料进行了有效激活;测试了GaN真空电子源材料的光谱响应;探讨了影响电子源量子效率的材料特性. 指出了下一步研究需要关注的内容. 关键词： NEA GaN 电子源 光谱响应     

形貌可控卟啉材料的合成及光电性质

通过自组装方法制备了一种卟啉材料,并通过调节溶液pH值实现了对其形貌的可控。 当pH值较低时形成卟啉棒状结构;当pH值较高时形成卟啉叶片状结构。 利用紫外、红外和X衍射仪等多种表征方法对其结构和性质进行了表征。 结果表明,在无机酸的作用下,卟啉分子通过π-π、静电作用形成一维结构的J-聚集体;当pH值增加时,氢键的作用占主要作用形成二维片状结构。 将此卟啉棒状材料构筑微纳米器件,测试其光电性能,表明对可见光有很好的响应。 这种具有光电响应的卟啉材料有望成为微纳电子器件的光电元件。