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1.
The Golay-Giddings and Poiseuille equations are used to derive equations for the calculation of the maximum plate number and minimum time conditions for given columns at fixed, but selectable, outlet pressures. In addition, expressions are presented for the determination of minimum analysis times for separation problems requiring given plate numbers. In this instance, the optimum column length can be calculated as a function of outlet pressure. A Basic computer program, incorporating the equations for the various optima, together with the H-ū curves, is described. Input variables are either column length or desired plate number, column diameter, film thickness, capacity ratio of the solute, column outlet pressure, seperation temperature, and carrier gas. The carrier gas viscosity is automatically calculated in the case of hydrogen, helium, or nitrogen. For these gases, and if the solute is a n-alkane, the diffusivity of the solute in the mobile phase is calculated. In this case, the carbon number of the solute is needed in the computation. For high molecular weight polydimethylsilicone phases (e.g. SE-30), the program can approximate the diffusivity of n-alkanes in the stationary phase at the given temperature as a function of the carbon number. Of course, manually entered values of viscosity and diffusion coefficients can be included in the calculations. 相似文献
2.
We present an efficient implementation of the proper (in vivo) outlet boundary conditions in detailed, three‐dimensional (3D) and time‐periodic simulations of blood flow through arteries. This is achieved through the intermediate use of an approximate ‘simulant’ model of the outlet pressure/flow relationship corresponding to the full 3D and time‐dependent numerical simulation. This model allows us to efficiently couple the 3D outlet pressure/flow conditions to the equivalent relations due to the downstream arterial network, as obtained from a one‐dimensional approximate model in the form of Fourier frequency impedance coefficients. An adjustable time‐periodic function correction term in the simulant model requires input from the full 3D model that has to run iteratively until convergence. The advantage of the proposed numerical scheme is that it decouples the upstream detailed simulation from the downstream approximate network model offering exceptional versatility. This approach is demonstrated here in a series of detailed 3D simulations of blood flow, performed using the commercial software FLUENT?, through an asymmetric arterial bifurcation. Two cases are considered: first a healthy system patterned after the left main coronary arterial bifurcation, and second a diseased case where an occlusion has developed in one of the daughter vessels, resulting in strengthening the asymmetry of the bifurcation. Rapid convergence of the iterative process was achieved in both cases. Subtle changes occur in the shear patterns of the daughter vessels, whereas the flow distribution is quite different. In the presence of a stenosis additional regions of low shear develop due to inertial effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
The biodegradation rate and biocompatibility of poly (d, / -lactide) (PDLLA)in vivo were evaluated. The aim of this study was to establish a nerve guide constructed by the PDLLA with 3-D microenvironment and
to repair a 10 mm of sciatic nerve gap in rats. The process of the nerve regeneration was investigated by histological assessment,
electrophysiological examination, and determination of wet weight recovery rate of the gastrocnemius muscle. After 3 weeks,
the nerve guide had changed from a transparent to an opaque status. The conduit was degraded and absorbed partly and had lost
their strength with breakage at the 9th week of postoperation. At the conclusion of 12 weeks, proximal and distal end of nerves
were anastomosed by nerve regeneration and the conduit vanished completely. The results suggest that PDLLA conduits may serve
for peripheral nerve regeneration and PDLLA is a sort of hopeful candidate for tissue engineering. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, simple and consistent open boundary conditions are presented for the numerical simulation of viscous incompressible laminar flows. The present approach is based on an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian particle method using upwind interpolation. Three kinds of inlet/outlet boundary conditions are proposed for particle methods, a pressure specified inlet/outlet condition, a velocity profile specified inlet/outlet condition, and a fully developed flow outlet condition. These inlet/outlet conditions are realized by using boundary particles and modification to the physical value such as velocity. Poiseuille flows, flows over a backward-facing step, and flows in a T-shape branch are calculated. The results are compared with those of mesh-based methods such as the finite volume method. The method presented herein exhibits accuracy and numerical stability. 相似文献
5.
Deteng Zhang Weichao Yang Chunyang Wang Honghao Zheng Zhizhou Liu Zhehan Chen Changyou Gao 《Macromolecular bioscience》2020,20(3)
The feasible fabrication of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with good biological performance is important for translation in clinics. In this study, poly(d ,l ‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PLCL) films loaded with various amounts (wt; 5%, 15%, 25%) of methylcobalamin (MeCbl) are prepared, and are further rolled and sutured to obtain MeCbl‐loaded NGCs. The MeCbl can be released in a sustainable manner up to 21 days. The proliferation and elongation of Schwann cells, and the proliferation of Neuro2a cells are enhanced on these MeCbl‐loaded films. The MeCbl‐loaded NGCs are implanted into rats to induce the regeneration of 10 mm amputated sciatic nerve defects, showing the ability to facilitate the recovery of motor and sensory function, and to promote myelination in peripheral nerve regeneration. In particular, the 15% MeCbl‐loaded PLCL conduit exhibits the most satisfactory recovery of sciatic nerves in rats with the largest diameter and thickest myelinated fibers. 相似文献
6.
The classical vaporizing injector has been modified for splitless injection of large volumes: during solvent evaporation in the packed vaporizing chamber, the carrier gas supply is interrupted and the septum purge outlet fully opened. This prevents vapors penetrating the gas regulation system and keeps the pressure increase in the injector to a minimum. 相似文献
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切向喷射式MOCVD反应器的设计与数值模拟 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
本文提出一种新的切向喷射式MOCVD反应器,反应气体从均匀分布于内壁的切向进口喷管喷入反应器,尾气从位于反应器中心的上方或下方出口排出.通过切向喷射,使气体发生人工可控的螺旋流,在水平方向逐渐旋转与加速,从而补偿反应物浓度从边缘进口到中心出口的沿程损失,以便获得均匀的薄膜沉积.针对新的反应器设计,结合GaN的MOCVD生长进行了三维数值模拟,确定了喷管夹角、喷管数目和反应器高度对生长区的温场、流场和浓度场的影响,优化了参数组合,并与传统的垂直喷射式反应器作了对比.此外,这款新型反应器能够摆脱复杂的托盘旋转系统. 相似文献
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