坚硬顶板爆破切顶在沿空留巷中的应用研究

当煤层上方为坚硬顶板时,在工作面回采期间容易出现大面积悬顶,导致巷旁充填体出现大变形破坏,极大威胁采煤安全.为解决这一问题,以某矿1205工作面沿空留巷为工程背景,分析了爆炸围岩裂隙范围和坚硬顶板破断特征,建立了切顶卸压围岩结构力学模型,研究表明,相邻炮孔爆炸后,炮孔间裂隙互相贯穿,降低了顶板强度,同时当切顶角为15°时,巷道稳定性较好.工程实践结果表明:采用爆破切顶技术后,顶板下沉量减小了62.3%,较好地保证了围岩稳定性.     

电信运营市场上过度进入的供给分析

本文在分析光纤主干网和本地接入服务市场上电信运营商的供给行为的基础上,首先证明了拥有主干网的运营商愿意租出自己的部分光纤,接着分析证明了上述两市场上使投资更倾向于过度的乘数效应,并进一步证明网络外部性使乘数效应更加明显.旨在对我国电信运营市场发展给出一些参考意见.     

Comparing ordered-entry queues with heterogeneous servers

We study a queueing system withm exponential servers with distinct service rates. Jobs arrive at the system following an arbitrary point process. Arrived jobs receive service at the first unoccupied server (if any) according to an entry order , which is a permutation of the integers 1, 2,...,m. The system has a finite buffer capacity. When the buffer limit is reached, arrivals will be blocked. Blocked jobs will either be lost or come back as New arrivals after a random travel time. We are concerned with the dynamic stochastic behavior of the system under different entry orders. A partial ordering is established among entry orders, and is shown to result in some quite strong orderings among the associated stochastic processes that reflect the congestion and the service characteristics of the system. The results developed here complement existing comparison results for queues with homogeneous servers, and can be applied to aid the design of conveyor and communication systems.     

Brillouin light scattering from a biopolymer gel: hypersonic sound waves in gelatin

Rayleigh-Brillouin light scattering experiments were performed on gelatin gels in order to obtain the (hypersonic) sound velocity and sound attenuation as a function of gelatin concentration. The results show that in the high frequency regime there is a strong coupling in the gel between the dynamics of the network and that of the fluid. The network sound velocity varies with ^1/2. Sound attenuation increases with increasing gelatin concentration.     

A sharp‐interface immersed boundary framework for simulations of high‐speed inviscid compressible flows

A new finite‐volume flow solver based on the hybrid Cartesian immersed boundary (IB) framework is developed for the solution of high‐speed inviscid compressible flows. The IB method adopts a sharp‐interface approach, wherein the boundary conditions are enforced on the body geometry itself. A key component of the present solver is a novel reconstruction approach, in conjunction with inverse distance weighting, to compute the solutions in the vicinity of the solid‐fluid interface. We show that proposed reconstruction leads to second‐order spatial accuracy while also ensuring that the discrete conservation errors diminish linearly with grid refinement. Investigations of supersonic and hypersonic inviscid flows over different geometries are carried out for an extensive validation of the proposed flow solver. Studies on cylinder lift‐off and shape optimisation in supersonic flows further demonstrate the efficacy of the flow solver for computations with moving and shape‐changing geometries. These studies conclusively highlight the capability of the proposed IB methodology as a promising alternative for robust and accurate computations of compressible fluid flows on nonconformal Cartesian meshes.     

高超声速平板边界层流动显示的试验研究

本文在高超声速脉冲式风洞内对基于纳米示踪的平面激光散射技术(nano-based planar laser scattering, NPLS)的应用进行了探索, 并在此基础上对平板边界层流动结构的精细测量进行了研究. 试验来流Ma=7.3, 总压4.8 MPa, 总温680 K. 通过时序的分析和调试, 对各分系统实现了高精度的同步控制; 定量的粒子注入及混合, 实现了粒子的均匀撒播, 对主流获得了均匀的显示效果; 对于边界层流动, 获得了精细的瞬态流动结构图像, 显示了层流到湍流的转捩过程, 并分析了其时空演化特性.     

AN EXPLICIT FINITE VOLUME SPATIAL MARCHING METHOD FOR REDUCED NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS

This paper develops a spatial marching method for high-speed flows based on a finite volume approach. The method employs the reduced Navier– Stokes equations and a pressure splitting in the streamwise direction based on the Vigneron strategy. For marching from an upstream station to one downstream the modified five-level Runge–Kutta integration scheme due to Jameson and Schmidt is used. In addition, for shock handling and for good convergence properties the method employs a matrix form of the artificial dissipation terms, which has been shown to improve the accuracy of predictions. To achieve a fast rate of convergence, a local time-stepping concept is used. The method retains the time derivative in the governing equations and the solution at every spatial station is obtained in an iterative manner. The developed method is validated against two test cases: (a) supersonic flow past a flat plate; and (b) hypersonic flow past a compression corner involving a strong viscous–inviscid interaction. The computed wall pressure and wall heat transfer coefficients exhibit good general agreement with previous computations by other investigators and with experiments.     

高超声速飞行器热防护材料与结构的研究进展

高超声速飞行器是航空航天的一个重要发展方向,在未来国防安全中起着重要作用．高超声速飞行器热防护材料与结构是高超声速飞行器设计与制造的关键技术之一,它关系到飞行器的安全．高超声速飞行器热防护材料与结构主要有金属TPS热防护系统、超高温陶瓷、C/C复合材料等．从材料制备、抗氧化、力学与物理性能表征等方面综述了热防护材料与结构的研究与应用现状,评述了其发展趋势．     

A numerical investigation of the evolution of 2-D disturbances in hypersonic boundary layers and the effect on the flow structure due to the existence of shocklets

The evolution of 2-D disturbances in hypersonic boundary layer with Mach number 6,8, and 10 was investigated numerically by three different numerical schemes. At the entrance, second mode T-S waves with different amplitudes were introduced, and the relation between the Mach number and the amplitude of the disturbance when shocklets started to appear was investigated. By comparing the disturbance velocity profiles with those provided by linear stability theory, the effects of shocklets on flow structures were also investigated.     

Pharmacophore modelling of structurally unusual diltiazem mimics at L-type calcium channels

The purpose of this theoretical study was to investigate the molecular features of some structurally unusual calcium antagonists with experimentally proved affinity to the diltiazem-binding site at L-type calcium channels. Therefore, sterical and electronic characteristics of cis-/trans-diclofurime, the verapamil-like derivatives McN-5691 and McN-6186 as well as the natural products papaverine, laudanosine, antioquine and tetrandrine were compared with the pharmacophoric requirements detected for classical diltiazem-like derivatives. This yielded a common pharmacophore model for all of these compounds. Based on this model, one single negative molecular electrostatic potential induced by the free electron pairs of the oxime oxygen of trans-diclofurime was detected that might be responsible for the stronger effects compared to the cis isomer. Furthermore, the dual diltiazem- and verapamil-like features of McN-5691 (and McN-6186) as well as the distinct pharmacophoric assignment of the laudanosine enantiomers may be interpreted on a molecular level. Finally, the crucial partial structure of the bis-benzylisoquinoline derivatives antioquine and tetrandrine being responsible for the calcium antagonistic effects could be revealed by superposition on the most active benzothiazepinone derivative 8-methoxydiltiazem. The results obtained for these unusual diltiazem mimics are discussed taking into consideration earlier findings for classical diltiazem-like derivatives.