微重环境中三维液体非线性晃动的数值模拟

将ALE（任意的拉格朗日-欧拉）运动学描述关系引入到Navier-Stokes方程中,在时间域上采用分步离散方法中的速度修正格式,利用Galerkin加权余量方法推导了系统的有限元数值离散方程;推导了考虑表面张力效应时有限元边界件的弱积分形式。模拟了考虑表面张力情况下圆筒形贮腔中液体的非线性晃动,揭示了考虑表面张力效应时液体非线性晃动的重要特征。     

Hydraulic analysis of free-surface flows with solidification

Summary The paper is concerned with a one-dimensional analysis of plane open-channel flow with continuous solidification. The process is of relevance for recent developments in the casting of steel and other metals. The bottom of the channel consists of a rotating casting roll and a horizontal cooling table, where the solidified material is withdrawn with given velocity. The study is restricted to the region downstream of the top of the casting roll. Surface tension is neglected. In the main part of the analysis inviscid fluid flow is considered since the Reynolds number is very large in the applications. It is found that the steady-state solutions are nonunique in a certain parameter range. In addition to a continuous solution, there are two solutions including hydraulic jumps, with one hydraulic jump being located on the casting roll, the other one on the cooling table. Regarding the stability of the non unique solutions, the evolution of disturbances is investigated numerically as an initial-value problem. It is concluded that the hydraulic jump on the cooling table is unstable, while the other discontinuous solution as well as the continuous solution are stable for sufficiently small disturbances. Which stable solution is attained in the steady state, depends on the history of the process. Friction at the liquid/solid interface is taken into account in the last part of the analysis. A constant friction coefficient is assumed. It is found that the history of the process determines the steady-state solution if, and only if, the friction coefficient is sufficiently small. For larger values of the friction coefficient, the steady-state solution is unique and independent of the history of the transient process. Furthermore, for sufficiently large friction coefficients, stable hydraulic jumps are found, in contrast to the inviscid case, also on the cooling table. Received 19 March 1999; accepted for publication 3 May 1999     

Experimental investigation of circular free-surface jet impingement quenching: Transient hydrodynamics and heat transfer

An experimental study of heat transfer during quenching of a cylindrical stainless steel test specimen has been performed. A subcooled water jet is directed onto the upward facing flat face of the cylinder. The test specimen is heated to an initial temperature slightly above 900 °C and then quenched. The resulting boiling curves and heat transfer distributions are presented for impingement velocities of 2.85 and 6.4 m/s (Re = 7900 and 18,900). High-speed imaging shows that three distinct regions on the quenched surface can be identified: an expanding circular wetted region surrounding the impinging point, annular transition zone just outside the wetting front, and a unwetted region outside this zone. The free-surface of the liquid in the wetted region is smooth in the nucleate and transition boiling regimes. The annular transition zone or the wetting front region outside the wetted region is characterized by a highly disturbed liquid-gas interface, which can be attributed to intense vapor generation. At the outer edge of the transition zone, the liquid is deflected away from the surface. The velocity of the wetting front significantly increases with the jet impact velocity, which indicates that the wetting front position is governed by the ability of the flowing liquid to transport the bubbles radially outwards from the wetted region.     

A deforming-mesh finite-element approach applied to the large-translation and free-surface scenario of fused deposition modeling

A numerical study of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process using a boundary-conforming free-surface finite element approach is performed. Due to the complexity of the FDM process, among all of its parts, we focus on the deposition and spreading of an individual filament. The polymer behavior, that is, the shear rate dependent and temperature-dependent viscosity, is included by the Cross-WLF viscosity model. The moving domain is addressed by the virtual region mesh update method, which, in the present article, is extended to free-surface problems. The particularity of dividing the mesh domain into an activated and a deactivated domain makes it possible to handle large translatory mesh deformation. In this work, we make use of the level of detail offered by a boundary-conforming approach regarding both topology accuracy and the imposition of boundary conditions in order to study the deposition of a single filament at a small scale. Parameters with a direct impact on the mechanical properties of the final object can be straightforwardly computed by a boundary-conforming approach, for instance, the cross-section, the contact area, the temperature distribution, and the heat fluxes over the surfaces. The presented approach is validated by a two-dimensional benchmark test case before the numerical results of the three-dimensional simulation of the filament deposition are shown.     

Space potential particles to enhance the stability of projection-based particle methods

Particle methods have been seldom verified by a Karman vortex simulation, which is commonly performed as a typical benchmark in computational fluid dynamics. This is mainly due to a difficulty in suppression of occurrence of unphysical voids manifested usually in a strong vortex on account of definition of free surface by the Lagrangian tracking framework with inconsistency in volume conservation. This paper presents a simple and effective scheme as a free-surface boundary condition of projection-based particle methods, namely the MPS (moving particle semi-implicit) and Incompressible SPH (ISPH) methods to handle the free surface with consistency in volume conservation. The new scheme is introduced into the Poisson pressure equation (PPE) with consideration of a potential in void space as space potential particle (SPP), to reproduce physical motions of particles around free surface through a particle–void interaction. The enhancing effect of the newly proposed SPP scheme is shown by simulating a few numerical tests, including a whirling water flow, a two-phase surfacing flow, and a set of Karman vortex simulations.     

自由面势流问题边界元法的数值色散误差

以连续及离散Fourier分析研究自由面势流问题边界元法的数值色散误差,并从理论上探讨有关计算中数值色散误差的改善问题.研究表明:对于该问题的数值色散误差而言,重要的在于以问题相应的离散算子考察计及各种数值手段后的总体色散误差,而非仅考虑该数值手段自身的数值色散误差大小.高阶面元、自由面域外奇点或适当的耦合方法是降低有关问题算子总体色散误差的较好选择.     

一、二维弹塑性流体动力学数值计算的高精度新自由面格式

提出了适用于X射线或电子束辐照、爆炸和高速碰撞等问题的一、二维弹塑性流体动力学数值模拟计算的一种新自由面格式。对于X射线及电子束辐照材料与结构的热-力学效应的数值计算结果表明,该新自由面格式明显优于目前一直沿用的Richtmyer格式。从理论上证明了该新自由面格式具有三阶精度,而Richtmyer格式为一阶精度。     

自由表面磁流体射流不稳定性分析(II)

用微分解析方法分析了自由表面磁流体射流在两个非均匀、相互垂直的横向磁场中的稳定性行为。获得了在给定射流初始速度分布和磁场分布条件下射流的速度空间分布表达式;分析了射流扭转及向外溅射的位置。     

“阳”加速器磁驱动平面飞片实验和速度计算校验

脉冲功率驱动源作为磁驱动加载的重要手段,通过调整其电路参数可调节负载电流波形,实现对样品无冲击准等熵加载。在"阳"加速器上,开展了一系列轴对称结构和带状结构构型的磁驱动平面飞片发射实验,电极材料采用不锈钢和LY-12铝。实验中测量了进入负载的电流历史和电极后自由面速度历史,并通过时序控制将两者时间关联起来。本文以测量到的电流历史数据为基础,引入负载电流分布系数,并结合已知的LY-12铝的状态方程数据,计算电极后自由面速度历史和飞片速度历史。通过实验测量自由面速度历史校验负载各个位置的电流分布系数。另外,基于装置参数和实验数据确定了考虑负载电感变化的装置等效电路模型,形成了计算样品压力加载历史和电极后自由面速度历史估算程序。此外,初步分析不同厚度电极的自由面速度历史,获取了电极材料的准等熵加载波剖面信息,观察到一系列准等熵加载下材料动力学性能引起的物理现象。