几种吊钩中的力学问题探析

对吊装机械中使用的几种吊钩在吊装重物时的受力情况进行分析和比较,说明了各自的特点及其应用.     

A survey of berth allocation and quay crane scheduling problems in container terminals

Due to the variety of technical equipments and terminal layouts, research has produced a multitude of optimization models for seaside operations planning in container terminals. To provide a support in modeling problem characteristics and in suggesting applicable algorithms this paper reviews the relevant literature. For this purpose new classification schemes for berth allocation problems and quay crane scheduling problems are developed. Particular focus is put on integrated solution approaches which receive increasing importance for the terminal management.     

基于光纤Bragg光栅的行车模型主梁挠度的测量

简易桥式起重机的力学结构是一种简支梁,研制了一种行车模型,主要包括工字梁及一个可吊挂重物的滑块.光纤Bragg光栅沿工字梁的轴向均匀粘贴于行车主梁的下表面,侧点分别位于离主梁的1/4、1/2和3/4等三个位置.在测量中,通过吊挂重物对主梁产生挠度,从而导致粘贴其下表面的光纤Bragg光栅产生波长移位.载荷试验表明,在主...     

激光准直检测仪的研制及其应用开发

检测仪的研制，是从工程中数量甚大的桥式起重机的安全性检测中，国家规范要求甚高而实际检测手段简陋的矛盾提出的。装置充分利用激光束的直线性和传输过程中光斑中心不变、光强较高的特性；通过集光、机、电为一体的测尺直接读出数据。应用这套装置，已进行１１台双梁桥式起重机箱形主梁的变形测定，结果表明：这套装置在现场使用方便，精度与检测要求匹配，装置价格不高，对工程单位比较实用。１９９５年获国家实用新型专利     

Pendulation Reduction in Boom Cranes Using Cable Length Manipulation

A technique is proposed to reduce payload pendulations using the reelingand unreeling of the hoisting cable. The payload is modeled as a pointmass, the cable is modeled as a rigid link, and the assembly, aspherical pendulum, is attached to the boom tip. An excitation isapplied to the assembly at the boom tip. The motion of the payload isdescribed using two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. Ourresults demonstrate that cable-length manipulation can be used to reducepayload pendulations due to near-resonance excitations. Significantreductions can be obtained via an appropriate choice of thereeling/unreeling speed. We also demonstrate the limitations inherent intwo-dimensional modelings of a crane.     

吊车荷载作用下钢结构吊车梁的疲劳可靠寿命评估

从Miner累积损伤的定义出发，视累积损伤为随机过程，临界损伤为随机变量，基于疲劳动态可靠性理论，提出了在役钢结构吊车梁疲劳剩余寿命的可靠寿命评估法。之后与现行《钢结构检测评定与加固技术规程》(YB9257-96)中安全期限寿命评估法进行了分析比较，说明了安全寿命评估方法的概率意义。算例分析结果表明，本文提出的可靠寿命评估方法更加合理。     

Dynamics of a Mobile Crane and Optimisation of the Slewing Motion of Its Upper Structure

In the paper the 3-D model of a telescopic mobile crane is presented. In the model flexibilities and damping have been taken into account and also the number of degrees of freedom can be chosen according to the complexity of an approach. The algorithm of optimisation of drive functions for the slewing upper structure is given. The main goal of optimisation was to ensure load positioning at the end point of a work cycle in the case when oscillations are minimal. In order to achieve appropriate numerical effectiveness, the optimisation problem was solved for the simple, fully rigid model of a mobile crane. The method of compensating neglected flexibilities of the base structure of the crane and inner disturbances connected with the feedback control system via digital PID controller is presented.     

钢筋混凝土长桩(柱)双机三点吊吊点位置优化

根据钢筋混凝土长桩（柱）吊装的实际工程需要，进行了双机三点吊吊装方案的研究分析，建立了双机三点吊吊装方案的数学模型，编制了微机软件，解决了双机三点吊中的难题。     

Cargo Pendulation Reduction of Ship-Mounted Cranes

Ship-mounted cranes are used to transfer cargo from large container ships to smaller lighters when deep-water ports are not available. The wave-induced motion of the crane ship can produce large pendulations of the cargo being hoisted and cause operations to be suspended. In this work, we show that it is possible to reduce these pendulations significantly by controlling the slew and luff angles of the boom. Such a control can be achieved with the heavy equipment that is already part of the crane so that retrofitting existing cranes would require a small effort. Moreover, the control is superimposed on the commands of the operator transparently. The successful control strategy is based on delayed feedback of the angles of the cargo-hoisting cable in and out of the plane of the boom and crane tower. Its effectiveness is demonstrated in a fully nonlinear three-dimensional computer simulation and in an experiment with a 1/24th-scale model of a T-ACS (The Auxiliary Crane Ship) crane mounted on a platform moving with three degrees of freedom. The results demonstrate that the pendulations can be significantly reduced, and therefore the range of sea conditions in which cargo-transfer operations can take place can be greatly expanded.     

考虑翻箱的场桥调度和提箱集卡数量的集成优化

在集装箱码头的进口箱堆场中,码头预约机制、待提箱的实时位置和场桥作业调度方案是制约堆场作业效率和堵塞情况的关键。为缓解进口箱堆场的拥塞情况并提高作业效率,在固定的预约时段内,考虑实时压箱量最少的翻箱规则,兼顾场桥间不可跨越和保持安全间距等现实约束,以场桥最长完工时间最小为目标,构建数学优化模型,设计了嵌入修复算子的改进遗传算法用于求解;通过算例实验验证了算法的有效性和方案的优越性,可为堆场实际作业提供决策参考。