Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Mineral Admixtures on the Strength of the Interfacial Transition Zone

Microscopic evidence indicates that the thickness of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and the cement paste is modified when mineral admixtures partially replace portland cement. Unfortunately, there is limited information on the significance of these microscopic modifications to the mechanical properties of the ITZ. This research reports experimental results on the shear and tensile strength of the ITZ as affected by the addition of the following mineral admixtures: silica fume, fly ash, and natural pozzolan. Statistical analysis was used to identify the significant parameters affecting the tensile and shear strength of the ITZ. Experimental results indicate that not only does the incorporation of silica fume and fly ash increase the strength of the ITZ, these mineral admixtures have a greater influence on the strength increase of the ITZ than in the strength increase of the cement paste.     

高强混凝土弯压极限应变试验研究与计算

由于混凝土材料理化特性的差异,高强混凝土的弯压极限应变明显地小于普通混凝土,依据试验结果分析了高强混凝土的弯压极限应变变化规律,并给出了它的计算公式.     

Calorimetric studies of refractory corundum

Calorimetry has been used in the investigations of calcium aluminate materials produced as a binder for aluminate-corundum composites of high refractoriness. The kinetics and of hydration process was thus characterized and the optimum compositions of initial binders and cement-corundum refractory filler blends could be selected for further tests. The acceleration of heat evolution - the shortening of so-called induction period and relatively high heat output in the presence of corundum was observed. It means the acceleration of hydration process, that is early crystallisation of hydration products and subsequent further dissolution of initial anhydrous aluminate phases. In the presence of fine grained corundum particles these phenomena should be attributed to the nucleating effect of fine corundum particles. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Yamogenin-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest,Oxidative Stress,and Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line

Steroidal saponins are a group of compounds with complex structures and biological activities. They have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, fungicidal, and antitumor properties. Yamogenin is one of the spirostane saponins and occurs in Trigonella foenum-graecum, Asparagus officinalis, and Dioscorea collettii. It is a stereoisomer of diosgenin—a well-known compound whose activity and mechanisms of action in cancer cells are determined. However, the antitumor effect of yamogenin is still little known, and the mechanism of action has not been determined. In this study, we evaluated the effect of yamogenin on human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells in vitro by determining the cellular factors that trigger cell death. The viability of the cells was assessed with a Real-Time xCELLigence system and the cell cycle arrest with flow cytometry. The activity of initiator and executioner caspases (-8, -9, and -3/7) was estimated with luminometry and flow cytometry, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane depolarization, the level of oxidative stress, and DNA damage in the yamogenin-treated cells were also evaluated by flow cytometry. Genes expression analysis at the mRNA level was conducted with Real-Time PCR. Bid activation and chromatin condensation were estimated with fluorescent microscopy. The obtained results indicate that yamogenin has cytotoxic activity in SKOV-3 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 23.90 ± 1.48 µg/mL and strongly inhibits the cell cycle in the sub-G1 phase. The compound also triggers cell death with a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the level of oxidative stress (over two times higher in comparison to the control), and activation of caspase-8, -9, -3/7, as well as Bid. The results of genes expression indicate that the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Superfamily Members (TNF, TNFRSF10, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF1B, and TNFRSF25), Fas Associated via Death Domain (FADD), and Death Effector Domain Containing 2 (DEDD2) were significantly upregulated and their relative expression was at least two times higher than in the control. Our work shows that yamogenin induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, and both the extrinsic and mitochondrial—intrinsic pathways are involved in this process.     

考虑收缩徐变影响的新旧混凝土叠合梁单元刚度矩阵改进

混凝土自身的收缩徐变会在新旧混凝土叠合梁中使应力重分布.为了计算重分布应力,首先推导以挠度表达的叠合梁非线性微分方程,然后通过求解该微分方程,引入位移形函数、刚度形函数和等效节点载荷形函数,最后得出新混凝土梁、旧混凝土梁和Goodman弹性夹层三合一的叠合梁改进型单元刚度矩阵和等效节点载荷,从而为收缩徐变影响下的混凝土的内力计算提供了一种有效的新方法.文中还进行了实例验证分析,并从中得出了一些有益的结论.     

核工程钢板混凝土墙防撞击贯穿实用计算方法

针对带对拉钢筋的双钢板混凝土墙,研究了双钢板混凝土墙防贯穿计算方法,建立了基于能量法的防贯穿计算公式。在已知弹体和钢板混凝土墙体材料与几何相关参数时,利用防贯穿实用计算公式可对带对拉钢筋的核工程双钢板混凝土墙体贯穿速度以及弹体剩余速度进行计算,避免了复杂的结构抗撞击反应动力时程数值分析。为验证公式的可靠性,将公式计算结果与已有刚性弹体撞击双钢板混凝土墙实验结果及其动力有限元计算结果进行对比,结果表明：防贯穿实用计算公式可以正确判断双钢板混凝土墙的贯穿状态,实用计算公式给出的弹体剩余速度与实验结果符合良好。为进一步验证公式的适用范围,将公式计算结果与共10个工况的飞机发动机撞击双钢板混凝土墙的有限元计算结果进行了对比分析,结果表明：除1个工况计算结果偏差略超10%外,其余工况的偏差均在10%以内,说明该计算方法合理可行。

     

Mechanically strong and stiff supramolecular polymers enabled by fiber reinforced long-chain alkane matrix

Fiber-reinforced-concrete (FRC) mechanism refers short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented, which offers an effective way to improve the mechanical performance of concrete. In the design of supramolecular polymers, an analogous concept of FRC appears to have been considered very rarely-although fibrous structure has been frequently observed/generated during the supramolecular polymerization. In this work, we apply the alkane thermosets, octadecane (C₁₈H₃₈) and tetracosane (C₂₄H₅₀), taking the role of “concrete”, and the low-molecular-weight monomer with long alkyl chains as the essential “fiber” component, to fabricate the “fiber reinforced supramolecular polymer”. Very much like FRC mechanism in material science, the resulting fiber reinforced supramolecular polymer thus exhibit unusually high mechanical strength and stiffness, which is unprecedented in the conventional supramolecular strategy.     

ICP-AES法测定混凝土外加剂中微量氯离子

由于Cl^-过量引起混凝土钢筋锈蚀而过早的破坏，已成为世界性问题。混凝土外加剂中微量Cl^-是一个重要指标，准确测定氯离子的含量直接关系到混凝土配比的确定及浇灌后的质量。部颁及行业标准中是采用电化学滴定法和蒸馏法来测定混凝土外加剂的微量Cl^-[1,2]，电化学滴定法对测定干扰大。本文采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法间接测定与微量Cl^-定量反应后剩余的Ag^ 含量，从而换算出Cl^-的含量，经回收验证及比较，证明本法简便、灵敏、快速，切实可行。     

钢筋混凝土轴心受压构件的非线性稳定性

采用我国混凝土规范GB50010-2002规定的混凝土应力一应变关系,考虑混凝土强度、构件长细比及混凝土徐变,从构件的非线性理论出发对钢筋混凝土轴心受压构件的承载力进行了研究,给出了混凝土构件临界状态时的构件边缘应变和纵向弯曲系数的计算公式。研究表明,徐变对轴心受压构件的承载力有很大影响。当不考虑混凝土徐变时,按本文公...