稀土元素在LD30铝合金真空钎焊中的作用

研究了添加La和Ce的Al-Si基钎料真空钎焊LD30铝合金接头的力学性能，微观组织形貌和EDS，并与未添加稀土元素的Al-Si基钎料真空钎焊接头进行对比。结果表明，添加稀土元素的LD30铝合金真空钎焊接头抗拉强度为288MPa，达母材抗拉强度的97．6％，明显高于未添加稀土的LD30合金真空钎焊接头。其机制在于La,Ce能够明显提高Al-Si基钎料与LD30铝合金的润湿性能，改善LD30铝合金真空钎焊接头焊缝及其基体中杂质元素的分布，促进钎料和母材中各元素的均匀扩散，从而提高真空钎焊接头的力学性能。     

High Entropy Alloys as Filler Metals for Joining

In the search for applications for alloys developed under the philosophy of the High Entropy Alloy (HEA)-type materials, the focus may be placed on applications where current alloys also use multiple components, albeit at lower levels than those found in HEAs. One such area, where alloys with complex compositions are already found, is in filler metals used for joining. In soldering (<450 °C) and brazing (>450 °C), filler metal alloys are taken above their liquidus temperature and used to form a metallic bond between two components, which remain both unmelted and largely unchanged throughout the process. These joining methods are widely used in applications from electronics to aerospace and energy, and filler metals are highly diverse, to allow compatibility with a broad range of base materials (including the capability to join ceramics to metals) and a large range of processing temperatures. Here, we review recent developments in filler metals relevant to High Entropy materials, and argue that such alloys merit further exploration to help overcome a number of current challenges that need to be solved for filler metal-based joining methods.     

干摩擦条件下WC增强Cu—Mn—Ni复合涂层的磨损性能研究

通过钎焊工艺在 45 # 钢表面沉积WC颗粒增强Cu -Mn -Ni复合涂层 ,考察了WC颗粒尺寸及含量对WC/Cu-Mn -Ni复合涂层耐磨性能的影响 .实验结果表明 :在给定的试验条件下 ,当WC颗粒质量分数为 30 %而平均粒径为 15 0 μm时 ,复合涂层的耐磨性最佳 ;WC颗粒对复合涂层磨损过程及磨损机制具有显著的影响 ,磨损机理表现为表面微突体间相互滑动产生塑性变形、粘着、脆性剥落及犁削     

Experiments and analysis of thin tungsten slice and W/Cu brazing for primary collimator scraper in CSNS/RCS

According to the requirements for the beam collimation system of the rapid cycling synchrotron(RCS)of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS),the main structure of a scraper of primary collimator is made by W/Cu brazing,in which the thickness of tungsten slice is 0.17 mm.In order to get the best mechanical properties,the brazing temperature is suggested to be controlled under the recrystallization temperature of tungsten,while the recrystallization temperature is affected directly by the thickness of tungsten.Because of little research and application on the brazing of thin tungsten slice of 0.17 mm and copper,tensile tests are done to get the mechanical properties of tungsten slices which experience different brazing temperatures.In keeping the inner relationships between the mechanical properties and temperature,another experiment is done by using SEM to scan the microstructures including the size and distribution of crystals.Finally we determine the recrystallization temperature of tungsten slice of 0.17 mm,and get the best parameters of W/Cu brazing for scrapers of primary collimator in CSNS/RCS.     

基于神经网络遗传算法的激光熔钎焊参数优化

针对激光钎焊熔深难以控制的问题,选取激光焊接功率、焊接速度等激光焊接过程中所涉及的控制参数建立基于BP人工神经网络的激光钎焊模型。根据激光钎焊模拟实验的历史数据对焊接熔深进行预测,采用遗传算法对控制参数进行优化,得到目标焊接熔深。运用MATLAB软件建立了针对铝合金/镀锌钢的激光熔钎焊过程的参数的BP人工神经网络模型,并利用遗传算法的并行和群体搜索策略,对其控制参数进行了优化,使得焊接熔深能通过过程参数精确控制,提高了接头性能。     

溅射Al对AlN的“润湿”与钎焊

由于润湿性不佳, 难以实现金属钎料对陶瓷的无过渡层直接钎焊, 本文在研究了溅射Al薄膜对AlN的“润湿”作用的基础上, 通过磁控溅射的方法在AlN表面沉积Al基薄膜作为钎料, 在真空条件下对AlN陶瓷进行了直接钎焊. 采用高景深光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量分散谱表征了钎焊接头和剪切断口的组织及形貌. 结果表明, 高能量溅射Al粒子对AlN的撞击可以形成只有850 ℃以上高温才可获得的Al-N化学键, 实现Al对AlN的“润湿”, 使Al基薄膜钎料能够在较低的温度(≥ 510 ℃)对AlN直接钎焊. 此方法获得的Al/AlN接头的剪切强度达到104 MPa, 含3.8 at.% Cu的Al合金钎料接头强度可进一步提高到165 MPa, 它们的剪切断裂都产生于钎缝金属之中; 增加钎料中的Cu含量至9.1 at.%后, Cu在钎缝与陶瓷界面的偏聚使接头的剪切强度降低为95 MPa. Al-20 at.% Ge合金可以将钎焊温度降低至510 ℃, 但Ge在钎缝与陶瓷界面的偏聚使接头在48 MPa发生断裂.     

EAST偏滤器热沉冷却水新过渡接头设计

对EAST偏滤器热沉冷却水过渡接头在等离子体破裂时受到的主要电磁载荷进行了分析计算,提出了新的过渡接头结构。通过新结构在极端载荷下的有限元分析以及开展的焊接预研和测试,对接头结构及制作方案进行了优化,最终完成了偏滤器热沉冷却水过渡接头的设计,并成功运用于EAST偏滤器热沉的改造中。     

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对EAST偏滤器热沉冷却水过渡接头在等离子体破裂时受到的主要电磁载荷进行了分析计算,提出了新的过渡接头结构.通过新结构在极端载荷下的有限元分析以及开展的焊接预研和测试,对接头结构及制作方案进行了优化,最终完成了偏滤器热沉冷却水过渡接头的设计,并成功运用于EAST偏滤器热沉的改造中.     

Understanding reversed temperature dependence of diffusional solidification time in single crystal superalloy brazement

A fully implicit two-dimensional moving-mesh finite element simulation model, without symmetry assumption, recently developed by the present authors was used to study the cause of anomalous reversed temperature dependence of diffusional solidification completion time, t _f, during brazing of single crystal nickel-based superalloys. Contrary to the general concept of competition between solute diffusivity and solubility, as predicted by analytical models, numerical calculations coupled with experimental observation showed that the anomalous behavior is caused by departure from parabolic liquid–solid interface migration with time. Application of the new numerical model coupled with the understanding provided by the study resulted in a viable approach for minimizing the time required to produce reliable brazed joints free of deleterious eutectic and stray-grains in single crystal superalloys.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍基钎料中Cr,Si,B,Fe

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍基钎料中Cr,Si,B,Fe含量的新方法。以硝酸–氢氟酸溶解样品,分别选择267.716,288.158,249.677,259.940 nm作为分析谱线,不用进行基体匹配,可直接测定镍基钎料中Cr,Si,B,Fe含量。在优化的实验条件下,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.71%~1.43%(n=11),加标回收率为97.0%~102.0%。该方法可满足日常分析对镍基钎料中Cr,Si,B,Fe含量的检测要求。