Thermal Analysis in Examination of Reduction of Blast Furnace Pellets

This paper presents applications of thermal analysis to observe the course of reduction of acidic pellets, metallurgical substances whose reducibility and strength are basic parameters of use in blast furnace processes. Both parameters depend on the mineral composition of the samples. The investigations included determination of the chemical and phase compositions of the initial samples and reduction products. Research was conducted on acidic pellets from Połtawa (Poland), applied in the T. Sendzimir Steelworks (Poland), in comparison with pellets from Brazil, Canada and Lebedyn (Russia). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

阻尼对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响

为考查阻尼参数对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响,理论推导了空爆荷载下结构等效单自由体系弹塑性位移解及延性比解,设计并计算了阻尼比0.000 1～0.1、延性比1～4的20种典型工况的动力系数,并与现行抗爆设计规范动力系数公式结果进行了对比。结果表明:阻尼比小于0.000 1时可基本代表无阻尼状态,阻尼比0.01的动力系数比无阻尼的最大降低幅度为2.08%,数值差异很小,因此阻尼比为0.01以内时,可忽略阻尼对动力系数的影响;阻尼比0.05的动力系数比无阻尼的降低幅度约9.92%,数值差异较大,认为阻尼比0.05以上时将具有明显的经济效益;现行设计规范动力系数更适用于柔性结构体系,运用于刚性结构抗爆设计时,计算误差较大,对阻尼比较小的结构设计更不利。     

泡沫铝防护钢筋混凝土板的抗爆性能

为研究多孔吸能材料泡沫铝板对工程结构的抗爆防护作用,开展室外爆炸破坏实验,分别对设置不同泡沫铝防护层的钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)板在爆炸荷载下的动态响应及破坏模式进行了研究,并运用LS-DYNA软件建立了有限元模型。通过与实验对照,验证了模型的可行性,对比分析了有、无泡沫铝防护层钢筋混凝土板的损伤破坏规律,并讨论了泡沫铝密度梯度分布和纵筋配筋率的影响。结果表明:有限元模型能够有效分析含泡沫铝防护层RC板的动态响应及其破坏形态;泡沫铝防护层能够有效减小钢筋混凝土板的挠度变形,降低试件的破坏程度;泡沫铝密度由下到上递增情况对RC板的减爆效果最好;增大配筋率可以提升泡沫铝防护RC板整体抗爆性能。     

爆炸应力波与裂纹作用实验研究

为研究爆炸应力波与裂纹相互作用机理,利用透射式爆炸动态焦散线光学实验系统研究了预制水平静态裂纹和切缝药包炮孔爆破产生的水平运动裂纹受正入射爆炸动载作用后动态特性的变化规律。结果表明:正入射爆炸应力波与静止裂纹作用时,爆炸应力波P波使得裂纹先闭合后张开,S波在裂纹壁面形成波浪状散斑上下交替向外扩展;运动裂纹尖端应力场对静止裂纹的起裂和扩展有重要影响。后爆孔爆炸应力波对先爆孔产生的水平定向运动裂纹尖端动力学特性影响显著。当爆炸应力波与运动裂纹同向时,P波使得裂纹扩展速度和应力强度因子KI^d先减小后增大,S波促进了裂纹的扩展,波与裂纹作用之后,裂纹扩展速度增大;当爆炸应力波与运动裂纹反向时,P波抑制了运动裂纹的扩展,波与裂纹作用之后,裂纹扩展速度和应力强度因子KI^d均逐渐降低。     

高饱和黏土中爆炸波作用下直埋聚乙烯管的动力响应

为了解决爆破作业对近距离埋地管道的安全评估问题,对高饱和粘土中爆炸波作用下聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)管道进行了一系列管道动态响应的原型实验,得到了不同药量下管道动应变、动压力的实验数据和管体及地面的振速数据。实验结果表明:PE管动应变峰值同比例距离具有良好的幂函数衰减关系,在6～11 m/kg^1/3比例距离范围内,PE管的环向峰值应变衰减指数(绝对值)比轴向峰值应变衰减指数大;管道动态响应的主振频率略高于土体的主振频率,两者在同一量级,管道合成速度衰减指数大体和管道轴向应变衰减指数相当;压电陶瓷片所测得的电压信号和同测点的应变变化率信号具有较强的相关性。高饱和黏性土由于含水量较高,近距离柔性PE管因受到局部冲击会产生较大的环向应变,管道安全计算时应充分考虑这一因素;随着比例距离的增大,环向应变水平降低,轴向应变水平相对增强;压电陶瓷片因为具有良好可靠的动态性能,作为埋地管道现场监测的技术手段值得采用和推广。     

爆炸冲击波作用于墙体及对墙体绕射的实验研究

采用试验的方法,对爆炸冲击波作用于防爆墙及绕过墙体的规律进行了研究.采用压力传感器测压,获得了防爆墙前后不同距离的压力波形.试验结果表明:作用于前墙迎爆面反射超压一般要比墙后最大绕射超压大一个数量级,马赫反射一般发生在距离墙后1.5~2.0倍墙高处,药量与爆心距离对墙体反射超压及墙后绕射超压的变化规律有重要影响.通过综合分析和试验结果,得到了爆炸波绕射的内在机理,为防爆墙的设计与加固提供依据和参考.     

基于粗糙集模糊神经网络的爆破振动危害预测

为了探索一种能克服单因素预测的局限性、提高爆破振动危害预测精度的方法,基于粗糙集模糊神经网络理论,建立了综合考虑爆破振动幅值、主频率、主频率持续时间及结构动力特性等10个因素的民房破坏程度预测模型;用铜绿山矿爆破振动和民房破坏情况观测数据,对该模型进行了训练和测试,测试结果与现场观测结果具有良好的一致性。研究表明:粗糙集理论可将现场数据进行属性约简,简化输入变量,缩小神经网络的搜索空间,改善爆破振动的预测性能;基于粗糙集模糊神经网络理论的爆破振动危害预测模型,能更好地考虑各种因素对危害程度的综合影响,避免了单因素预测的局限性。     

Preparation and characterization of a novel green tea essential oil nanoemulsion and its antifungal mechanism of action against Magnaporthae oryzae

Blast is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of rice caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant essential oil (EO) can function as antifungal agents and are regarded as a safe and acceptable method for plant disease control. However, EOs are unstable and hydrophobic, which limits its use. In the present study, we aimed for the preparation and characterization of a nanoemulsion (NE) from green tea essential oil (GTO) by ultrasonication method and determined the antifungal activity of NE on M. oryzae. The particle size and zeta potential of the NE were 86.98 nm and −15.1 mV, respectively. The chemical composition and functional groups of GTO and NE were studied by using GC–MS analysis, portable Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR coupled with chemometric analysis. GC–MS analysis showed the major components in GTO and NE were n-Hexyl cinnamaldehyde and L-α-Terpineol. Both GTO and NE showed good antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Moreover, the NE showed good antifungal activity against M. oryzae which was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Also, confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM) revealed the antifungal mechanism of GTO and NE on M. oryzae which proves the cell damage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the antifungal activity of GTO and NE against M. oryzae and also the use of CRM for the evaluation of the chemical changes in single fungal hyphae in a holistic approach. This study suggests that the prepared NE could be a potential candidate for use as a substitute for synthetic fungicides.     

Thermal Analysis in Examinations of Metallurgical Materials Obtained From Iron-bearing Fines

This paper present results of research performed on briquettes containing iron oxides with the aiming of establishing a relationship between their chemical and phase compositions. Briquettes obtained from industrial in-plant fines waste were subjected to experimental tests involving simulation of the temperature conditions and the redox potential of a gas phase, characteristic of both the top and central parts of a blast furnace. The results of the analysis allowed conclusions concerning the use of briquettes as a blast furnace charge component. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.