Ant colony approach to constrained redundancy optimization in binary systems

This paper presents an ant colony optimization algorithm to address the constrained redundancy allocation problem in order to maximize system reliability for complex binary systems. The constraints involved, though separable, are both linear and non-linear. We couple an adaptive penalty function with the basic ant colony approach to handle highly constrained problems and embed a local search technique to find still better locally optimal solutions. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a large number of problems, containing even up to 500 subsystems, with both fixed and randomly generated parameters. Experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm to solve similar types of problems.     

RAP晶体积分衍射效率的实验研究

以北京同步辐射装置的4B7中能束线为光源,对RAP（邻苯二甲酸氢銣）晶体的积分衍射效率进行了实验标定.结果显示:晶体在不同能量段都得到了完整的衍射峰,扭摆曲线的光滑性和对称性较好,在偏离布喇格角以后衍射效率都迅速下降到本底量级.在2.1~5.8 keV范围内,晶体的积分衍射效率在1×10－4rad左右.     

Rheological aspects of the rejuvenation of aged bitumen

Rheological techniques are used to investigate the rejuvenation of aged bitumen. The thermal transition associated with the collapse of the compact structure constituted by asphaltene is determined by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. For aged bitumen, this transition shifts to a higher temperature but when rejuvenating agents are added, the transition returns to its original value. The “rutting factor,” G*/sin δ allows to define the maximum temperature the binder can reach without permanent deformation. The employed rejuvenating agents are suitable because permanent deformation is postponed. Viscosity results reveal that aged bitumen needs a high mixing temperature (>200°C) to behave like a fluid material able to wet, adhere, and envelop aggregates. The addition of rejuvenating agents considerably reduces mixing and compaction temperatures. The mixture of 80% aged bitumen—20% recycled motor oil, obtained exclusively from waste materials is an apt binder that can compete satisfactorily with new 60/70 bitumen.Paper presented at the AERC2005. This paper will be part of a special issue of AERC2005.     

Crystal growth of metal fluorides for CO2 laser operation I. The necessity of the RAP approach

The 10 μm transparency of halides addresses directly its oxide content. The conversion from oxide to fluoride must have ΔG0. HF(g) is different from the other hydrogen halides because its ΔG of formation is larger than that of H₂O(g). Decrease in the hydrolysis of RF₃ (R=rare earth) influences the crystal phase stability and the tendency of the crystal to crack. The base-to-acid behavior of +3 rare earths provides quantitative support. HF(g) and RAP (reactive atmosphere process) CF₄(g) formations of YF₃ from Y₂O₃ are given in detail. This indifference to HF(g) is reported also in the congruent growth of CaF₂, SrF₂, and BaF₂. The explanation is seen in ZrF₄, HfF₄, and ThF₄. Although RAP does not use HF(g), it permits the congruent growth of good-quality single crystals with very low H₂O(g) content.     

实时多媒体单播传输的拥塞控制研究

简要分析了应用于实时多媒体传输的、以RAP为代表的仿TCP速率控制方案的不足，提出了一种TCP友好的、基于RTCP反馈的拥塞控制机制，该机制使发送速率的变化更为平滑．更适合于注重回放质量的实时多媒体应用．与RAP的比较实验显示，在瓶颈链路带宽、时延和包丢失率变化情况下．该机制具有比RAP更好的TCP友好性．