基于数字图像的土、岩和混凝土内部结构定量分析和力学数值计算的研究进展

土、岩及混凝土是一种内部结构极其复杂的材料,内部细观组成和结构决定了它们在外力作用下内部应力和应变等物理场的分布状态,在很大程度上控制了它们的宏观力学响应和破坏机理和过程。自1995年以来,数字图像处理技术作为一种材料细观空间结构及几何形态的精确量测和数字表述手段快速地被应用于沥青混凝土、水泥混凝土、土和岩体材料细观结构定量分析中来。本文在研究相关文献的基础上,分析和研究了数字图像技术在土、岩及混凝土内部结构定量分析和力学数值计算中的发展过程和研究成果,内容包括:单个骨料颗粒形态特征定量分析;土、岩和混凝土内部结构定量分析;岩体结构定量分析中的应用;基于数字图像处理的土、岩和混凝土细观结构力学计算。在此基础上,本文进一步对数字图像技术在岩土领域中的应用进展及未来的发展趋势进行了探讨,认为数字图像作为一种空间分布测量手段和数字表述方法使得它具有巨大的潜力,特别是在岩土领域的纵深发展过程中,它可能实现考虑细微观结构性的岩土力学和工程分析和预测的、新的方法和理论。     

Faults simulations for three-dimensional reservoir-geomechanical models with the extended finite element method

Faults are geological entities with thicknesses several orders of magnitude smaller than the grid blocks typically used to discretize reservoir and/or over-under-burden geological formations. Introducing faults in a complex reservoir and/or geomechanical mesh therefore poses significant meshing difficulties. In this paper, we consider the strong-coupling of solid displacement and fluid pressure in a three-dimensional poro-mechanical (reservoir-geomechanical) model. We introduce faults in the mesh without meshing them explicitly, by using the extended finite element method (X-FEM) in which the nodes whose basis function support intersects the fault are enriched within the framework of partition of unity. For the geomechanics, the fault is treated as an internal displacement discontinuity that allows slipping to occur using a Mohr–Coulomb type criterion. For the reservoir, the fault is either an internal fluid flow conduit that allows fluid flow in the fault as well as to enter/leave the fault or is a barrier to flow (sealing fault). For internal fluid flow conduits, the continuous fluid pressure approximation admits a discontinuity in its normal derivative across the fault, whereas for an impermeable fault, the pressure approximation is discontinuous across the fault. Equal-order displacement and pressure approximations are used. Two- and three-dimensional benchmark computations are presented to verify the accuracy of the approach, and simulations are presented that reveal the influence of the rate of loading on the activation of faults.     

On a solvability of hydro-mechanical problem based on contact problem with visco-plastic friction in Bingham rheology

This paper deals with the solvability and numerical solution of contact problem with a local visco-plastic friction in the visco-plastic Bingham rheology. The model problem discussed represents a simple hydro-mechanical model of the global project on a security of regions endangered by great hurricanes and deluges. The main goal of the idea of this project is to connect the climatic observations and the corresponding climatic models with the thermo-hydro-dynamic and the thermo-hydro-mechanic models, with the possibility to estimate future destructions of such endangered regions with landslides of unstable slopes. The investigated mathematical model is based on the visco-plastic Bingham rheology. The numerical approach is based on the semi-implicit scheme in time and the FE approximation in space. The algorithm is shortly discussed.     

Rankine pseudo-static earth pressure for c–ϕ soils

This study provides an analytical solution for calculation of seismic active earth pressure on the back of a rigid wall retaining cohesional–frictional (c–φ) soil. The proposed formulation is based on the conjugate stress concept, without employing any additional assumptions, similar to Rankine's original earth pressure formulation. The effects of sloping backfill and wall inclination are considered. In addition, a closed form solution has been derived for the soil–wall friction angle as a function of inertial forces and problem geometry for any given pseudo-static acceleration, as opposed to the constant value commonly employed in practice. The net seismic active force calculated based on the proposed formulations is found to be comparable with those obtained from previously published methods.     

工程岩体地质力学作用过程的数值模拟

工程岩体地质力学作用过程的数值模拟, 是研究岩石工程设计、施工问题的有效途径。本文提出了工程岩体计算数据智能化准备与确定子系统、地质力学作用过程的仿真数值模拟及其快速图形处理子系统, 并将其集成为一体。系统采用人机交互界面及多系统的自动转换, 使整个分析系统能充分发挥其模拟分析及图形处理功能, 方便实用。