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1.
In this paper we describe the design and manufacture of an axial-torsion test specimen, and provide relationships needed when
conducting stress-strain characterization experiments with the specimen. The specimen is a short hollow cylinder of rubber
bonded between two steel mounting rings, in which simultaneous axial and shear strains are produced via independently controlled
axial and twist displacements. We present calculations for the strain-displacement and stress-load relationships, and strain
energy density. These relationships have been established and validated via a combination of analytical and experimental techniques,
and finite element analysis. We have investigated the extent and effects of strain and stress field non-uniformity in the
test specimen. The specimen design is sufficiently simple that a closed-form expression for the strain-displacement relationship
has been successfully developed. 相似文献
2.
3.
Three fixtures for conducting laboratory fretting fatigue tests are described and their respective testing methods and the
results of the analysis are compared. Each of these fixtures has been used to investigate the effects of various parameters
of interest in fretting fatigue. These fixtures include a unique apparatus in which all load applied to the specimen is transferred
to the fretting pads, an apparatus similar to many found in the literature where partial load transfer occurs across the pads,
and a simplified dovetail fixture in which the clamping load, P, and the shear load, Q, are varied in phase. Select test conditions from prior experiments performed on identical material and resulting in similar
lives ranging from one to ten million cycles from these fixtures are identified. The various testing conditions were used
to compute the unique stress field for each case. The resulting contact stresses were used to calculate crack initiation based
criteria, and to calculate stress intensity factors. The three fixtures were shown to be able to accommodate a range of loads,
fretting pad contours, and specimen geometries that produced a variety of stress fields. A crack-initiation-based criterion
was shown to predict the failure lives of thinner specimens accurately. The stress intensity factor calculations showed the
possibility of a crack arresting for a stress field that decays rapidly and the possibility of a local minimum for K as a function of depth. The fixtures are shown to be complementary in generating data for development of robust fretting
fatigue models that use these criteria. 相似文献
4.
A way of determining the flexibility of wood-pulp fibres is developed, which involves i) a precise measurement of the topology
of single-fibres by using a confocal laser scanning microscope and ii) the measurement of the elastic modulus of the fibres
by using a single-fibre fatigue cell. Reported in this paper are the initial results of tests carried out on black spruce
fibres, which have been subjected to three different levels of mechanical refining energy, namely ∼1100, 2300, and 3500 kWh/t.
It is found that the fibre flexibility rises significantly between the first and second energy levels, but it does not change
to the same degree between the second and third ones. The described procedure of measuring the flexibility of fibres may be
used to establish the appropriate refiner energy necessary for the production of a specific grade of paper.
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 115–128, January–February, 2006. 相似文献
5.
通过实验分析确立了把光纤电阻作为衡量气密性碳涂覆光纤通过2%应变筛选的过渡标准。要拉制2%应变筛选的碳涂覆光纤,其电阻值应小于30kΩ/cm。 相似文献
6.
稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢组织与性能的影响 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
研究了稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢(CHD钢)组织与性能的组织。结果表明,稀土复合变质能细化晶粒,并且随着稀土量的增加。细化效果明显;加入适量的稀土复合变质后,夹杂物数量明显减少,夹杂物趋于球化并均匀地分布在钢中,形态和分布得以了改善,向钢中加入稀土进行复合变质,能促进贝氏体、奥氏体和位错亚结构的形成,细化马氏体板条。当残留稀土含量为0.02%时,CHD钢的硬度、强度变化不大,断裂韧性(KIC)和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值(△Kth)有所提高,冲击韧性、延伸率、断面收缩率提高了近一倍,抗热疲劳性能也最好。 相似文献
7.
测定了1562名儿童(其中包括153名易疲劳儿童)血清中Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn和Pb的含量。研究发现,易疲劳儿血清Ca含量(84.4±12.5μg/mL)显著低于对照组儿童(88.5 4±13.4μg/mL),P<0.05;Fe含量(1.094±0.22μg/mL)显著高于对照组儿童(1.07 4±0.22μg/mL),P<0.05;Mn含量(0.040 4±0.035μg/mL)非常显著高于对照组儿童(0.035 4±0.013μg/mL),P<0.001。 相似文献
8.
WADOOD Y. HAMAD 《Cellulose (London, England)》1997,4(1):51-56
Wood-pulp fibres are recognized as concentrically-layered, laminated composite tubes of structural reinforcing material, the
cellulose microfibrils, embedded in a cementing matrix of hemicellulose and lignin. When the single fibres are subjected to
cyclic mechanical action, their morphological behaviour is characterized by the fatigue growth of micro-voids and surface
damage which individually and collectively give rise to stress concentrations, and eventually crack development. The progressive
damage phenomena, evinced by the surface imaging and optical sectioning techniques through utilizing confocal laser scanning
microscopy, are understood to be consequences of the cumulative material micromechanical degradation and subsequent microstructural
breakdown of the cellulose microfibrillar framework. This structural breakdown is believed to effect the fibrillation and
flexibilization of the fibres
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
A. C. Lowe 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(1):295-308
An optimized configuration of the nematic guest-host effect is described in which a 90° twist cell is used. In order to assess the suitability of nematic guest-host systems for use in integrated displays in which a significant dc voltage may appear across the liquid crystal, several dye/host systems were tested with up to 1.5V dc superimposed on the normal 5V r.m.s. drive signal. Degradation was monitored by measurement of tilt, clearing point and absorbance. One system tested showed no significant degradation after 9 × 103 hr. Excellent correlation was observed between stability of a dye/host system in a driven display and the reversibility of the reduction of the dye in acetonitrile solution at a platinum electrode. 相似文献
10.
论文针对中密度聚乙烯材料(MDPE),采用平板试样进行了I型疲劳裂纹扩展和单次过载下裂纹扩展试验.发现与金属材料类似,单次拉伸过载对聚乙烯(PE)的疲劳裂纹扩展有明显的迟滞作用,降低了裂纹扩展速率.试验还通过变载荷刻线法获取疲劳裂纹扩展前缘的实际形貌和变化规律,对常规变载荷刻线方法进行了调整和验证,其修正方法对高分子材料的疲劳裂纹扩展前缘刻线具有较好的效果.通过观察发现含楔形塑性区的裂尖钝化是裂纹迟滞的主要原因.过载引入的塑性区内残余应力对裂纹迟滞也起了重要作用.论文利用Dugdale模型计算了塑性区尺寸,使用基于残余应力的Wheeler模型对过载迟滞进行了很好的拟合. 相似文献