A compact shock-assisted free-piston driver for impulse facilities

A free-piston driver that employs entropy-raising shock processes with diaphragm rupture has been constructed, which promises significant theoretical advantages over isentropic compression. Results from a range of conditions with helium and argon driver gases are reported. Significant performance gains were achieved in some test cases. Heat losses are shown to have a strong effect on driver processes. Measurements compare well with predictions from a quasi-one-dimensional numerical code. Received 7 September 1996 / Accepted 5 October 1996     

基于应变片的自由活塞斯特林制冷机位移测试研究

压缩活塞与排出器的位移大小及相位差对自由活塞斯特林制冷机的制冷性能具有极其重要的影响。文中通过对目前各种位移测试方法优缺点分析,结合自由活塞式斯特林制冷机自身特点,提出了采用应变片响应涡旋柔性弹簧形变来测量活塞和排出器位移的新方法。通过分析、设计和标定,建立了一套基于应变片的自由活塞斯特林制冷机位移测量系统。实验测试结果表明,该位移测量系统是可靠的,具有体积小、投资省等优点,且不需要特别的安装空间。     

Numerical study of free-piston shock tunnel performance

A free-piston shock tunnel (FPST) is one of the most useful ground testing facilities for hypervelocity flow research of re-entry vehicles and scramjet engines. For an efficient operation with tuned piston motion, the design of facility and the comprehension of the physical phenomena in a FPST, a numerical simulation which can properly predicts the flow with actual losses is required. But there are few successful numerical methods which can simulate its overall performance. In the present study, numerical method was developed by using the KRC shock capturing scheme and by modeling the flow losses in suitable forms for a quasi-1D numerical computation. The present numerical results were compared with the data obtained in two different facilities, T4 and T5. The applicability of the present numerical method as a design tool is discussed briefly.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

On the compression process in a free-piston shock-tunnel

Preliminary results in the Marseille free-piston shock-tunnel facility are presented. The compression of the driver gas by the piston is studied experimentally for two different geometries of the end of the compression tube. Peak pressures obtained with the end of the compression tube closed, and with bursting of the diaphragm separating the high pressure from the low pressure chamber, are compared with calculated values in the cases of N₂ and He as driver gases. A phenomenon of accoustic resonance has been uncovered, generating strong pressure oscillations which, if not properly dealt with, could impair the quality of the useful flow in such a facility.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

基于LabVIEW的自由活塞式斯特林制冷机性能测试系统开发

制冷机的自动性能测试、实验处理系统可大幅降低工作量,并保证测试的准确性。针对中国电子科技集团公司第十六研究所新研制开发的自由活塞式斯特林制冷机,开发了一种新的基于虚拟仪器的性能测试系统,该系统通过硬件和软件相结合,自动采集制冷机性能测试中的相关参数,并实现数据的实时显示、存储和图形化显示等功能。该测试系统测试制冷机性能以判定是否满足使用要求。该系统的开发应用将极大方便的提高测试的工作效率,加速合格制冷机的筛选工作。     

自由活塞斯特林制冷机间隙密封技术研究

间隙密封作为自由活塞斯特林制冷机中的一项关键技术,可以在完成密封作用的同时消除接触磨损和因此而产生的污染,同时由于间隙内气体的泄漏,引起了冷量损失,使制冷量减少。文中建立了层流工况下间隙密封的数学模型,推导了密封间隙的泄漏率。针对自由活塞斯特林制冷机的结构,对三处不同位置的间隙密封分别进行分析,提出了不同位置的间隙密封设计要求。对于直线压缩机的间隙密封,压缩机间隙密封的泄漏会带来压力波损失并同时影响压缩机固有频率;为消除压缩活塞的偏置,要求周期泄漏量为零,对于膨胀机的间隙密封,除了泄漏损失还包括了穿梭损失和摩擦损失等。最后,考虑实际加工和装配工艺的局限性,对间隙密封的偏心影响进行了分析,并对自由活塞斯特林制冷机间隙密封的安装技术和检测手段提出了简单的建议。     

A two-stage free-piston driver

The overall cost of free-piston driven facilities can be substantially reduced if the contraction between the compression and shock tubes is replaced with a constant area section. However, with such an implementation, a new driver concept is required in order to achieve a realistic facility length. This paper describes a new free-piston driver type for expansion tubes which satisfies the above criteria. The technique is known as the two-stage free-piston driver where the driver gas is compressed in two distinct stages with a unique compound piston design. A new facility has been constructed (X-2) which is described in some detail. A quasi-one-dimensional numerical model of the compression process is also developed which agrees well with driver tube experimental results. This new driver is coupled to an expansion tube arrangement where super-orbital test flows are generated. The results show that a two-stage free-piston driver is capable of driving hypervelocity expansion tubes and therefore new facilities of increased size but reduced cost are now possible. Received 18 May 1998 / Accepted 18 October 1998     

自由活塞型斯特林制冷机热力学参数的无量纲分析

自由活塞斯特林制冷机由于其结构紧凑、制冷效率高、可靠性好而不断受到重视。自由活塞斯特林制冷机的热力学参数对整机制冷性能具有决定性影响。基于等温模型,对自由活塞斯特林制冷机进行了无量纲分析,通过引入无量纲制冷量,详细研究了死容积比、扫气容积比、温度比、位移相位角对整机热力性能的影响。其研究结果为不同温区的自由活塞斯特林制冷机热力参数设计提供了参考意见。     

高温超导用自由活塞斯特林制冷机理论研究

制冷机是制约高温超导器件的瓶颈.文中针对自由活塞式斯特林制冷机进行了理论研究,建立了自由活塞斯特林制冷机的热声模型,对充气压力、活塞的位移振幅、热端换热器温度和密封间隙进行了模拟.模拟结果显示,以最大制冷量为目标最佳充气压力为1.9MPa,增加活塞位移振幅、降低回热器热端温度以及减小密封间隙可提高制冷机的性能.