Diffraction of normal shock wave by yawed wedges

The diffraction of normal shock with yawed wedges of small angles have been considered in this paper. Vorticity distribution of the fluid particle over the diffracted shock has been determined for several Mach numbers of the shock wave. The Mach reflection effects have also been investigated when the bend is concave to the flow.     

Digital volume gratings

An optical element constructed by stacking a set of binary-phase grating sheets can simulate the functions of optically recorded volume gratings. Our electromagnetic numerical study also shows that if one of the grating sheets is replaced by another one with different grating period, power spectrum of the diffracted wave changes completely with extra diffraction orders. This property will claim strong advantage in security document applications. Analysis of alignment error reveals interesting phenomena concerning to how misalignment affects diffraction efficiency.     

Millimeter wave beams diffracted from reflecting gratings

According to the angular-spectrum method, a radiation beam of an antenna horn in the Fresnal region is decomposed into the plane waves with the fast Fourier transform algorithm and the waves diffracted from a reflection grating are superposed as a diffracted beam. Compared with the reflected beam from the same size mirror, the radiation half width of the diffracted beam from a grating is narrower and its lateral shape is shift. These performances have been experimentally verified at Ka-band by: (1). The relative diffraction efficiencies in the first order with two triangular gratings which is put along propagating direction of a beam produced by a conical lens-horn. (2). H-plane lateral width with power—3dB lapsed of the focus beam from a grating and a mirror in a grating spectrometer for millimeter waves (25–100 GHz).     

Alkali Metal Compounds of Hydroquinone: Synthesis and Crystal Structure

A number of novel routes to the alkali metal compounds of hydroquinone M₂[p‐C₆H₄O₂] (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) and M[p‐C₆H₄O(OH)] (M = K, Rb, Cs) have been synthetically explored. The selective synthesis of the alkali 4‐hydroxyphenolates and 1, 4‐phenylenediolates is based on optimized reaction conditions (solvents, temperatures). All compounds were structurally characterized by means of powder X‐ray diffraction using Rietveld profile refinement including C—C and C—O bond distance restraints. The atomic arrangement of M₂[p‐C₆H₄O₂](M = Na, K) (tetragonal, space group: P4₂/ncm) is characterized by infinite pillars of [M₂^[3]O₂^[3]]‐units along the c axis connected by [p‐C₆H₄O₂]^2—‐anions with stacking direction along c. The coordinatively unsaturated alkali metals, surrounded by three oxygen atoms, exhibit symmetrical (K) as well as asymmetrical (Na) interactions with the phenylene rings. M[p‐C₆H₄O(OH] (M = K, Rb) (tetragonal, space group: P4/n) forms hydrogen‐bridged linear chains of [p‐C₆H₄O(OH)]^—‐anions along the c direction. The phenylene planes of neighboring chains have an almost orthogonal arrangement while the interchain planes are parallel. K and Rb are fourfold coordinated by two different oxygen coordination spheres.     

Efficient synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle-Musa acuminata peel composite for the adsorption of anionic dye

The impregnation of magnetite (Mt) nanoparticle (NPs) onto Musa acuminata peel (MApe), to form a novel magnetic combo (MApe-Mt) for the adsorption of anionic bromophenol blue (BPB) was studied. The SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR and TGA were used to characterize the adsorbents. The FTIR showed that the OH and CO groups were the major sites for BPB uptake onto the adsorbent materials. The average Mt crystalline size on MApe-Mt was 21.13 nm. SEM analysis revealed that Mt NPs were agglomerated on the surface of the MApe biosorbent, with an average Mt diameter of 25.97 nm. After Mt impregnation, a decrease in BET surface area (14.89 to 3.80 m²/g) and an increase in pore diameter (2.25–3.11 nm), pore volume (0.0052–0.01418 cm³/g) and pH point of zero charge (6.4–7.2) was obtained. The presence of Pb(II) ions in solution significantly decreased the uptake of BPB onto both MApe (66.1–43.8%) and MApe-Mt (80.3–59.1%), compared to other competing ions (Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II)) in the solution. Isotherm modeling showed that the Freundlich model best fitted the adsorption data (R² > 0.994 and SSE < 0.0013). In addition, maximum monolayer uptake was enhanced from 6.04 to 8.12 mg/g after Mt impregnation. Kinetics were well described by the pseudo-first order and liquid film diffusion models. Thermodynamics revealed a physical, endothermic adsorption of BPB onto the adsorbents, with ΔH^o values of 15.87–16.49 kJ/mol, corroborated by high desorption (over 90%) of BPB from the loaded materials. The viability of the prepared adsorbents was also revealed in its reusability for BPB uptake.     

Trifluoroethylene Sultone: Structure and Chemistry

The gas phase structure of trifluoroethylene sultone, ( 1 ) (3,4,4-trifluoro-1,2-oxathietane-2,2-dioxide) was determined by gas electron diffraction, and the four-membered ring was found to be planar. The following ring parameters (r_a distances and ∠_α angles with 3σ uncertainties) were derived in the electron diffraction analysis: C? O = 1.41 Å (ass.), C? C = 1.541(18) Å, S? O = 1.652(5) Å, S? C = 1.822(8) Å, S? C? C = 86.2(15)°, C? C? O = 97.1(28)°, C? O? S = 97.5(21)°, and O? S? C = 79.1(8)°. New spectral data (IR, NMR) of 1 , its acyclic isomer FSO₂CFHC(O)F ( 2 ), and the related anhydride, FSO₂OSO₂CFHC(O)F ( 3 ), are reported. New esters containing the fluorosulfonyl function, FSO₂CFHC(O)OCH₂CF₃ ( 4 ), FSO₂CFHC(O)OCH₂CH = CH₂ ( 5 ), and (FSO₂CFHC(O)OCH₂CH? CH₂? )_n ( 6 ) have been prepared and characterized.     

高频介质系统介电性能与相组成的定量关系分析

采用普通电子陶瓷工艺制备两种高频介质系统ZnO-B2O3-SiO2三元系和BaO-PbO-Nd2O3-Bi2O3-TiO2五元系,通过XRD分析确定各系统的主晶相, 运用衍射峰强度计算法准确测定出各组分的体积百分含量,并代入Lichnetecker对数混合定则,计算出系统的介电性能,获得了分析介质系统介电性能与物相含量之间定量关系的新方法.     

亚微米光栅型导光板设计

提出了利用亚微米光栅制作导光板的方法,给出亚微米光栅型导光板的初始结构.用严格耦合波理论计算分析了在满足基底全反射条件的45°入射角下红(700 nm)、绿(555 nm)、蓝(465 nm)三色光垂直出射的亚微米光栅(0.651μm、0.516μm、0.433μm)在槽深0.05~0.9μm之间变化时,透射衍射效率在2%~43%之间变化.分析了亚微米光栅的作用,做出性能评价,并研究了特定范围入射角引起的衍射角变化.     

蓝绿光敏感的非水溶性光致聚合物特性研究

报导了一种新型蓝绿光敏感的非水溶性光致聚合物材料,这种材料以聚醋酸乙烯酯为成膜物,9-乙烯基咔唑(NVC),甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧乙脂(POEA)和双季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯为单体,Dye3和Dye4为光敏剂,邻氯代六芳基双咪唑(O-CL-HABI)为共引发剂.本材料能同时对蓝光和绿光敏感,用蓝光和绿光分别或同时对该材料曝光,可得到清晰图像.测得的两种衍射效率分别不低于80%.     

矿物中药钟乳石的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱

研究矿物中药钟乳石X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱.对10批主产地的钟乳石药材X射线衍射Fourier图谱进行分析,建立钟乳石X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱,并通过相似度计算,区分钟乳石、其他含钙矿物中药、同种化学试剂CaCO3.主成分相同的矿物中药利用X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱无法完全区分,但钟乳石与同种化学试剂CaCO3的X射线衍射Fourier图谱区别显著.利用X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱可以很好的区分含有不同化学成分的矿物药,而对于主成分相同的矿物中药,就不能简单地利用它们的X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱加以区分,即X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱仅具有相对的专属性.