空间框架建筑结构静力分析的超级元法解

本文发展一种建筑结构简化计算的新方法，这种方法的整体结构分析按其连续化分单元（超级元）进行，但单个构件又按常规有限元计算，故应用于复杂的空间框架结构提供了一种自由度及工作量极少又适用性强的高效实用分析方法，可望在微机上实现。     

The focal geometry of circular and conical meshes

Circular meshes are quadrilateral meshes all of whose faces possess a circumcircle, whereas conical meshes are planar quadrilateral meshes where the faces which meet in a vertex are tangent to a right circular cone. Both are amenable to geometric modeling – recently surface approximation and subdivision-like refinement processes have been studied. In this paper we extend the original defining property of conical meshes, namely the existence of face/face offset meshes at constant distance, to circular meshes. We study the close relation between circular and conical meshes, their vertex/vertex and face/face offsets, as well as their discrete normals and focal meshes. In particular we show how to construct a two-parameter family of circular (resp., conical) meshes from a given conical (resp., circular) mesh. We further discuss meshes which have both properties and their relation to discrete surfaces of negative Gaussian curvature. The offset properties of special quadrilateral meshes and the three-dimensional support structures derived from them are highly relevant for computational architectural design of freeform structures. Another aspect important for design is that both circular and conical meshes provide a discretization of the principal curvature lines of a smooth surface, so the mesh polylines represent principal features of the surface described by the mesh.      

Parallelization of MRCI based on hole-particle symmetry

The parallel implementation of multireference configuration interaction program based on the hole-particle symmetry is described. The platform to implement the parallelization is an Intel-Architectural cluster consisting of 12 nodes, each of which is equipped with two 2.4-G XEON processors, 3-GB memory, and 36-GB disk, and are connected by a Gigabit Ethernet Switch. The dependence of speedup on molecular symmetries and task granularities is discussed. Test calculations show that the scaling with the number of nodes is about 1.9 (for C1 and Cs), 1.65 (for C2v), and 1.55 (for D2h) when the number of nodes is doubled. The largest calculation performed on this cluster involves 5.6 x 10(8) CSFs.     

The challenge of achieving traditional exterior durability performance in low VOC architectural coatings

Over the years the optimization of water-borne emulsion polymers has resulted in water-borne coatings with excellent exterior durability and significantly reduced solvent emissions versus solvent-borne coatings. In recent years, pressure to further reduce emissions has necessitated the use of softer polymer compositions which can negatively impact gloss and tint retention, and dirt pick up resistance. The use of heterogeneous polymer morphologies are addressing these short comings; however care must still be taken not to affect paint durability. The development of low solvent emission thickeners and mildewcides has allowed further reduction in paint emissions.     

我国建筑声学的20年回顾与展望

我国建筑学声在近20年间，无论在科研、设计、声学材料（结构）的研制、生产和应用方面均有较大的发展。在厅堂音质设计的个别领域还取得了突破性的进展。本文就上述几方面作概要的介绍。     

The Western Latin church as a place for music and preaching: An acoustic assessment

The history of Western architecture cannot be understood separately from the evolution followed by church types from the first Christian churches to the late baroque churches. But the fact is, in the absence of a specific architecture for music, the church has been the place which has long welcomed it as well as contributing to its development. In addition, during certain periods of history, the intelligibility of the word, primarily for preaching purposes, is an essential objective of its activity. This was the case in the beginnings of the first Christian churches, with the appearance of mendicant orders in the thirteenth century, the Reformation and Counter-Reformation movements in the sixteenth century, and more recently, after the Second Vatican Council. This article proposes a new approach, through an acoustic assessment of the church as a place for music and preaching.     

Spectroscopic Characterization of the Architectural Painting from the Cizhong Catholic Church of Yunnan Province,China

The Cizhong Catholic Church, which incorporates local Chinese architectural styles and artistic motifs, witnessed the transmission of Catholicism in Yunnan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. The pigments of the paintings from the church were identified by micro-Raman Spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The analyses indicated that chromogenic substances of the white pigment was calcite, that of the black pigment was carbon black, that of the red pigment was hematite, that of the blue pigment was artificial ultramarine, and that of the green pigment was emerald green. The study also revealed that artificial ultramarine and emerald green were probably imported or brought by French missionaries from Europe. In addition, emerald green was identified to have partially degraded into cornwallite.     

The use and misuse of coloured light in the urban environment

The last few years have seen a huge increase in the transfer of coloured architectural lighting, derived from entertainment and theatre, into the urban and exterior environment. Part of the reason for this is that in the last 15 yr or so, there have been a number of important introductions in coloured lighting technology. These have transformed lighting practice, and while their widespread introduction is seen by some as an enrichment of the urban fabric, others see it as presenting considerable dangers, in terms of aesthetics, perception and in terms of civic identity. Its negative effects on the urban environment have been termed ‘colour blight’.In this paper, the range of coloured lighting technologies is surveyed and other causes for the increase in coloured lighting are also discussed, together with the problems and benefits involved. Finally, some tentative means are put forward for resolving the problems caused by ‘colour blight’. Current good practice is illustrated by the author's own experience, including his consultancy's participation in a number of urban lighting strategies in the UK and elsewhere. This work involves implementation of a comprehensive lighting plan for the historic city of York, as part of the Urban Lighting Group consortium of three lighting design practices.     

青海热贡地区传统建筑彩画颜料光谱特征分析研究

青海省热贡地区是安多藏区藏式建筑彩画艺术的重要产地,作为热贡艺术的重要组成部分影响甚广。热贡地方建筑彩画不仅是附着建筑栋梁之上的艺术瑰宝,更是一项延续至今的传统技艺,至今仍有大批传统匠人画师从事相关行业。热贡地方建筑彩画有独立的用色方法和颜料制作工艺,对其所用传统颜料进行科学检测是系统研究该地区建筑彩画的基础性工作,在进一步研究热贡地区建筑彩画的制作工艺和艺术特色,传承地方建筑彩画技艺和完善保护政策等方面具有积极意义。通过对同仁市隆务寺夏日仓行宫火供殿所用当地传统建筑彩画颜料的采样,运用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射分析、激光显微拉曼光谱分析等多种实验分析方法,对颜料样品进行分析,测定其主要显色物质和成分占比。结果表明,热贡地方建筑彩画所用颜料多为无机颜料;蓝色颜料主要是人造群青;绿色颜料的主要矿物组成为绿土,显色物质为蒙脱石,存在将植物色染料加入当地所产的富镁蒙脱石中混合使用的可能性;红色颜料的主要矿物组成为铁红（赭石类红土）,通过焙烧富铁矿土来人工合成,材料来自于当地吾屯村所产红色赭石类粘土;黄色颜料主要矿物组成为密陀僧、硫磺及其他植物色染料制备而成;黑色颜料为碳黑,符合木炭黑的性状特征;白色颜料主要为生石灰及氧化镁粉,并在其他颜料中广泛使用石灰及氧化镁粉作为调色颜料;推测部分样品中含有包金土及植物色素染料、其他人工合成颜料的可能性。整体来看,热贡地区建筑彩画所用颜料成本价格较低,制取难度不大,来源大多是当地常见的矿土料和动植物染料,传统的制料工艺较简单,颜料多呈现为组分复杂的混合物状态;密陀僧、包金土和群青等颜料多来自于内地及国外,颜料人工合成的历史较早,反映出热贡地区建筑彩画在颜料使用上不仅使用本土材料制备,也广泛使用外来颜料的历史传统,为进一步研究热贡地区建筑彩画领域内汉、藏等多民族文化交往、交流、交融历史提供了良好实证材料。     

人工神经网络在建筑声学中的应用

本文对人工神经网络的历史作了简单回顾，并对它在建筑声学领域中的应用状况作了阐述，同时提出了有待进一步探讨的若干问题。