高龄老年男性腰椎骨密度独立相关因素的研究

目的 通过分析高龄老年（≥80岁）男性腰椎骨密度（LBMD）的独立相关因素,寻找提高高龄老年男性LBMD 的方法。方法 对1066例高龄老年男性进行LBMD测定、血液生化、骨代谢和生殖激素等指标的检测,运用多元回归分析筛选高龄老年男性LBMD 的独立相关因素。结果 高龄老年男性LBMD的独立相关因素有体重指数（β=0.018,P＜0.01）、I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列（β=-0.226,P＜0.01）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（β=-0.047,P＜0.01）、雌二醇（β=0.002,P＜0.01）。结论 维持合理的体重指数和雌二醇水平,降低血清I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列水平,积极防治慢性阻塞性肺疾病,可能是提高高龄老年男性LBMD的重要方法。     

Markierung von Humanserumalbumin mit 131J durch elektrochemische Oxydation von Jodid zum Jod

Es wird über eine Methode und deren optimale Bedingungen berichtet, die eine schnelle, schonende und fernbediente Markierung von Humanserumalbumin mit ¹³¹ J gestattet. Die Markierungsausbeuten, bezogen auf das eingesetzte Jod, sind gut reproduzierbar und liegen bei über 90%.     

Bitumen/polyethylene blends: using m-LLDPEs to improve stability and viscoelastic properties

The stability and the rheological properties of blends of a 60/70 penetration-grade bitumen with conventional HDPEs and metallocene catalysed LLDPEs (m-LLDPE) are investigated. Considerably better stability results are obtained using m-LLDPEs instead of conventional polyethylenes, allowing one to avoid phase separation of the emulsion-like system during storage at high temperature. Thermodynamical interaction between bitumen and polyethylene is discarded as a cause of the observed difference, because the solubility parameter is practically the same for all the investigated polyethylenes. The result is explained on the basis of the lower melt elasticity of m-LLDPEs (attributed to their narrow molecular weight distribution), which facilitates the drop breakup during mixing process. The modification of bitumen with any of the m-LLDPEs considered in this work gives a new material with considerably improved viscoelastic properties.     

Effect of transverse cracks on the effective thermal expansion coefficient of aged angle-ply composites laminates

A modified shear-lag analysis, taking into account the concept of stress perturbation function, is developed and applied to evaluate the effect of transverse cracks on the effective thermal expansion coefficient of aged angle-ply composites laminates. Effects of number of 90° layers and number of θ° layers in the outer angle-ply laminates on the reduction of the effective axial coefficient of thermal expansion have also been studied. The results of this paper represent well the dependence of the reduction of the effective axial coefficient of thermal expansion on the hygrothermal conditions, the fibre orientation angle of the outer layers, the number of cracked cross-ply layers and the number of un-cracked outer θ° layers in laminate.     

Use of a MDI-functionalized reactive polymer for the manufacture of modified bitumen with enhanced properties for roofing applications

In this study, the suitability of a reactive polymer, synthesized by reaction of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with a low molecular weight polyethylene-glycol (PEG), as a modifying agent for the manufacture of bitumen-based waterproof membranes, was evaluated. With that purpose, rheological and thermal analysis tests, and microstructural observations by AFM were carried out on different samples of modified bitumen having a MDI–PEG content ranging from 0 to 10 wt.%, cured at room temperature for a period of time within 0–30 days. The results obtained demonstrate that the addition of the reactive polymer proposed in this work to bitumen is very suitable at high in-service temperatures, because a noticeable increase in the values of viscosity, at 60 °C, of the resulting modified bitumen samples is observed on a time-scale of days. AFM observations, carried out at 50 °C, evidenced that the reactive polymer MDI–PEG leads to a new microstructure, displaying a higher level of stiffness. Therefore, this polymer should be seriously taken into consideration as a modifier of bituminous coatings for the waterproofing industry.     

不同成因天然沥青的结构组成特征研究

利用液相色谱等仪器分析手段,较系统地研究了不同成因类型的天然沥青及模拟沥青样品,特别是其中的胶质、沥青质重组分,揭示了沥青结构组成中的成因信息。研究表明,不同成因的天然沥青具有各自特有的化学结构和组成,综合利用其结构组成特征能准确有效地判断天然沥青的成因类型,在其开发利用研究中具有重要的应用价值。     

Aging Process Effects on the Characteristics of Vacuum Residue Oxidation Products with the Addition of Crumb Rubber

This paper considers the effect of aging processes on viscoelastic characteristics of vacuum residue oxidation products modified with crumb rubber. Viscoelastic properties were compared to original bitumen raw material-vacuum residue and vacuum residue oxidation products during short-term and long-term aging. The complex shear modulus of the vacuum residue and its oxidation products decreased with an increase in temperature. Short-term aging resulted in increased shear modulus for all samples.The vacuum residue oxidation product modified with crumb rubber had the maximum values of the rutting parameter and fatigue parameter. There was an expansion of the temperature range of plasticity: for the vacuum residue oxidation product with crumb rubber, its value was 67.2 °C. The curves of the black diagram of the modified vacuum residue oxidation product are shifted towards smaller phase angles with the increase in the shear modulus, which indicates the increase in the stiffness and elasticity of the rubber bitumen binders. The vacuum residue oxidation product modified with crumb rubber corresponded to the rubber bitumen binder of the grade RBB 60/90, according to its physical and mechanical indicators.     

Linear assemblies of aged CdS particles and cationic porphyrin in multilayer films

Multilayer films of CdS particles and meso-tetra-(4-trimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin cobalt iodide (CoTAPPI) were fabricated via layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and SEM images were used to compare the differences between the films prepared from freshly synthesized nanoparticles and from aged particles. SEM images show the aged CdS particles and CoTAPPI in the multilayer film, assembling in a linear structure. The mechanism of dipole-dipole interaction was presented to explain linear formation.     

爱沙尼亚油页岩及其热解产物的电子顺磁共振研究

采用电子顺磁共振（EPR）技术,系统地研究了热解温度对样品自由基浓度、g因子和线宽的影响。结果表明,油页岩干酪根及其制备的热解产物沥青、焦油和半焦的自由基浓度为2.29×10¹⁴-9.16×10¹⁴。当热解温度低于380℃时,主要发生干酪根的热解聚,当热解温度超过380℃,主要为中间产物热沥青的分解阶段,表现为热沥青的自由基浓度N_g和g因子值高于半焦。对EPR谱图线宽分析可知,当温度高于380℃时,焦油的线宽明显大于半焦和热沥青,说明液体内部自由基中自旋粒子间以及自旋粒子与环境的相互作用要比固体剧烈的多。温度低于380℃时,半焦和热沥青由于热解反应的进行,自由基自旋粒子之间及其与环境的相互作用增强,线宽随着温度的升高而增加。温度高于380℃时,半焦和热沥青的EPR曲线线宽降低,表明随着温度的升高自由基自旋粒子的相互作用减弱。     

沉积有机质的加氢热解及其地球化学信息研究

用加氢热解(hydropyrolysis)释放高演化源岩干酪根和沥青分子网络中共价键结合的生物标志物,在恢复原始有机地球化学信息方面具有重要的意义,可应用于源岩有机质生源确定、成熟度确定、古沉积环境判识以及油/源对比等.实验表明,样品沥青“A“与加氢热解产物中生物标志物的组成存在一定的差异,加氢热解产物中含有丰富的地球化学信息.加氢热解具有产物收率高、结构重排少、生物特征保持完整等特点,能够合理地释放出沉积有机质分子骨架中具有原生性的组分,保持完整的原始生物标志物结构和立体化学特征.加氢热解技术为油气地球化学研究开辟了新途径.