放射性核污染传播的研究

提出了一个核污染传播的分层模型,通过对核污染事件发生后,核污染物外围大颗粒的抛射与重力降落、放射云内小颗粒的沉降和放射云的膨胀扩散等传播方式的研究,给出了放射性核污染物传播的范围和污染程度,为核泄露事件发生后,核污染的防治提供了一种参考依据。     

HEAVY METAL PARTITIONING IN A NUCLEAR WASTE TREATMENT PLANT

The fate of different trace elements and radio nuclides in the new ZWILAG nuclear waste treatment plant （Switzerland） has been modelled, in order to predict and check the transport behaviour of the volatile species and their distribution in the plant. Calculations show that for active waste from medicine, industry, research （MIR waste） only Zn and Cs have stable gaseous species at 1200℃. The investigations confirm the efficiency of the examined flue gas cleaning system.     

Evaluation of Transmutation of ^137Cs（γ, n） 136Cs Using Ultra-Intense Lasers in Solid Targets

Relativistic electrons produced in ultra-intense laser-solid interaction generate highly collimated γ-ray beams through Bremsstrahlung that can be used to induce photonuclear reactions. Photonuclear transmutation （of （% n） type） of ^137 Cs, one of the hazardous nuclear wastes with half-life of 30.17 years which cannot be transmuted practically with neutron bombardment due to its very low neutron capture cross section, has been considered. Nuclear activity of produced 136Cs with half-life of 13.16 days has been evaluated analytically using available experimental data. With irradiating a ^137Cs sample by p-polarized laser light of 10^20 Wcm^-2 and the repetition rate of 10Hz for 30min, the activity of 0.24 Bq is obtained. It is found that intensity has a large effect in yield around 10^21 Wcm^-2. For similar laser with intensity of 5 ×10^21 Wcm^-2, the activity increases with a factor of 10^5.