Correlation between the Mechanical Properties and the Amount of Desorbed Water for Composites Based on Low-Density Polyethylene and Linen Yarn Production Waste

The effect of the amount of desorbed water on the mechanical properties of composites based on low-density polyethylene and linen yarn production waste (LW) is analyzed by statistical methods. It is shown that the amount of absorbed water decreases during the desorption process at room temperature both for specimens modified and unmodified with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (DIC.) The most sensitive to the action of water is the elastic modulus, which decreases considerably under the effect of water and is fully restored in the desorption process. The tensile strain also increases with the amount of absorbed water. It is found that the elastic modulus of the unmodified composite correlates linearly with the amount of desorbed water. Between the amount of desorbed water and the tensile strain, as well the specific work of deformation, a negative linear correlation is revealed. After water desorption, all strength and deformation characteristics of both the modified and unmodified composites are fully recovered.__________Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 515–524, July–August, 2005.     

Adsorption Behaviour of 134Cs and 22Na Ions on Tin and Titanium Ferrocyanides

Tin and titanium ferrocyanides were studied as adsorbents for alkali metal ions, viz., ¹³⁴Cs and ²²Na, which represent radioactive wastes. The ferrocyanides were prepared in granular form. The tin version contained 11.2% water, while the titanium version contained 17.7% water. The exchange capacities for Cs⁺ and Na⁺ in the hydrated tin version were about 1.5 and 0.7 meq/g, respectively, while those in the titanium version were 2.2 and 1.2 meq/g, respectively. Drying at 250°C decimated those capacities. The diffusional time constant of Cs⁺ at 25°C, determined via Fick's second law, was of order of magnitude 1 × 10^–3 s^–1, though there were minor differences due to particle size and the form of ferrocyanide. Similarly, the effective diffusivity was of order of magnitude 1 × 10^–8 cm²/s. The titanium version responded slightly faster than the tin version. Likewise, equilibrium measurements in mixtures with sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or uranium oxide, showed that the titanium version exhibited significantly greater selectivity for Cs⁺ than did the tin version. Unfortunately, tests of complete elution of the Cs⁺ from the ferrocyanides were mostly disappointing. Work continues on that subject.     

Synthesis of Cationic PEM Emulsion and Application in Waste Water Treatment

Cationic polymer as a kind of flocculant is widely applied in purification treatment of waste water. Because it has positive charge group, it is able to connect strongly the suspended matters, short cellulose and other microparticles. The research on synthesis of cationic polymer and application in treatment of waste water is very universal abroad. But domestic research on those is not general. The technology of synthesis of PEM is simple, and the production cost is low. It is easy to apply in treatment of waste water.Synthesis of PEM Emulsion FlocculantSome distilled water, PVA(poly(vinyl alcohol)), EA(ethyl acrylate), and K2S2O8(potassium persulfate) were put into reaction vessel. Kept stirring up under nitrogen. When heated the solution to 40℃, dropped the water solution of MTA[(2-methacryloxylethyl)trimethyl ammonium].Maintained the temperature at 70℃, reacted about 7-8 hours. Then got the PEM emulsion. Changed the ratio of EA and MTA. Obtained a series of PEM emulsions.Stability and Convertibility of PEM EmulsionThe test results showed that when the EA/MTA was 85/15, the PEM emulsion was most stable.When the total monomer quantity was 35%, the convertibility of PEM emulsion was the highest,i.e.98.6%.The MTA Copolymerization Ratio and Morphology of PEM EmulsionWhen the monomers EA/MTA=85/15 and total monomer quantity was 35%, the MTA copolymerization ratio of PEM emulsion was 95.15%(the highest), and the PEM emulsion was some microspheres with 100-180nm of diameter.The Test Results of PEM Emulsion in Treatment of Waste Water The PEM emulsion flocculant was applied in treatment of waste water of paper mill, and measured the precipitation time(t) and transmittancy(T). The test results were showed in table 1. The optimum value of PEM which was able to make the waste water of paper mill into clear water was 0.008%.     

放射性废物概述

全世界许多国家都在着手于核废物的管理任务．目前，还不能认为这个极其困难的问题在任何国家中真正得到了解答，然而又必须得出解答．本文中概括地说明了有关核废物各方面的常识     

医疗和危险废物高温洁净热处理及环境力学

结合2003年中国的突发危害公众健康的事件，分析了医疗、化学战剂及危险废物的分类、特性，比较了各种高温热处理技术的基本要求，方法分类和设备特点，包括：各类焚烧炉、热解炉和等离子体裂解装置．还对前处理工艺要求，尾气处理工艺等进行了分析讨论，讨论了防止二次污染的技术手段，特别介绍了二噁英等高危险性产物的特性．还介绍了发达国家的医疗废物和危险废物的管理、处置和二次污染防治等情况．     

火力发电厂废水中悬浮物处理的影响因素探讨

对火力发电厂废水中悬浮物处理的影响因素如pH值、水温、接触介质、进水水质、混凝剂加入量等进行分析，对主要影响因素水温和混凝剂加入量进行了试验分析，制定出废水悬浮物处理的合理方案。     

An integer goal programming model for hazardous waste treatment and disposal

The improper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes cause threats to human health and the environment. One reason for the improper handling and disposal of these wastes is that not much consideration is usually given to the logistical aspects of hazardous waste systems. In this paper an integer goal programming model is developed that takes into consideration the multiple goals and needs of many groups involved in managing and planning hazardous waste systems. The model can easily be implemented and can be used to address many of the issues related to facility location, recycling, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes.     

Modelling of composting of food waste in a column reactor

The composting of organic solid waste, the mixture of fruit and vegetable leftovers enriched with night soil, was investigated in a closed thermally insulated reactor. It was found that 80.9 % of the original substrate biodegraded after 14 days. A mathematical model of the column reactor was proposed where the biodegradation rate of the organic solid waste was described using simple n-thorder kinetics. A good prediction of process performance was obtained using the proposed kinetics and experimentally obtained reaction heat. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

电位滴定法测定模拟高放废液中的游离酸

本文研究了用电位滴定法测定模拟高放废液中游离酸的方法。用草酸钾做络合剂以消除Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｄ＾３＋等多种水解离子的影响，用标准碱直接进行电位滴定，即可快速准确地测定模拟高放废液中游离酸的含量。方法的相对标准偏差为１．８％，标准加入回收率为１００－１０１％，能为放射性废物固化试验提供可靠的分析数据。