Anodic film formation on binary Al?Mg and Al?Ti alloys in nitric acid

Nitric acid is commonly used for surface treatments of aluminium alloys. It is used to clean the surfaces after alkaline etching; it has application in chemical polishing and is also used for electrograining. The majority of these treatments undergo the application of anodic polarisation that results in formation of anodic oxide film. However, little is known about the behaviour of aluminium containing magnesium or titanium in solid solution under such conditions. To reveal the effects of magnesium and titanium alloying additions on anodic film formation in nitric acid, Al‐1800 ppm Mg and Al‐800 ppm Ti alloys were investigated. It was found that porous alumina film developed on the surfaces with reduced efficiency of 40%, due to the reactive nature of nitric acid to alumina. The presence of magnesium and titanium in aluminium had little influence on the efficiency of film growth, as confirmed by the relatively similar thicknesses of oxide formed on binary alloys and aluminium. However, incorporation of magnesium ions into the alumina film led to development of a high‐population density of localised voids near the alloy/film interface. An increased titanium content was found in the film regions close to the alloy/film interface, indicating its oxidation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of anodizing conditions on the cell morphology of anodic films on AA2024-T3 alloy

The effects of applied current density, anodizing time, and electrolyte temperature on the cell and pore morphology of anodic films and the voltage-time response obtained during galvanostatic anodizing of AA2024-T3 alloy in sulphuric acid electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the film morphology. Sponge-like porous structure was promoted by anodizing at relatively low current density and high electrolyte temperature. In contrast, linear porous structure was favoured under the converse conditions. Intermediate conditions resulted in films containing either sequential layers of the 2 morphologies or a morphology incorporating features of the 2 types; such conditions were associated with anodizing voltages in the range 25 to 35 V. The reasons for the morphological differences are proposed to be due to interactions between film growth stresses and stresses arising from oxygen evolution on the development of the alumina cells.     

Features of film growth during plasma anodizing of Al 2024/SiC metal matrix composite

Plasma anodizing is a novel promising process to fabricate corrosion-resistant protective films on metal matrix composites. The corrosion-resistant films were prepared by plasma anodizing on SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The morphology and microstructure of films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Specifically, the morphology of residual SiC reinforcement particles in the film was observed. It is found that the most SiC reinforcement particles have been molten to become silicon oxide, but a few tiny SiC particles still remain in the film close to the composite/film interface. This interface is irregular due to the hindering effect of SiC particles on the film growth. Morphology and distribution of residual SiC particles in film provide direct evidence to identify the local melt occurs in the interior of plasma anodizing film even near the composite/film interface. A model of film growth by plasma anodizing on metal matrix composites was proposed.     

IR spectroscopic investigation of nanosize columnar anodic tantalum oxides formed in a sulfuric-acid electrolyte

The element and phase composition of periodic nanosize columnar structures of anodic tantalum oxide is investigated by the methods of electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. The effect of voltage in forming a two-layer Ta-Al composite on the composition and structure of columnar anodic tantalum oxides is determined. Deceased.     

阳极化膜用于等离子体电光开关放电腔绝缘模拟研究

壳体金属化是等离子体电光开关实现阵列结构的必须,放电腔的绝缘是壳体金属化的技术关键和难点。分析了等离子体电极电光开关放电腔的主要放电过程和特性;介绍了几种厚度阳极化膜层的击穿电压和用于电光开关放电腔绝缘模拟实验的情况和结果。初步分析了影响阳极化膜用于等离子体电极电光开关放电腔绝缘的主要因素,实验表明60μm厚度的阳极化膜可以满足电光开关放电腔绝缘的实用要求。     

Development of the local proton concentration during pulse anodizing

The literature describes various beneficial effects of the pulse anodizing of aluminum related to the corrosion resistance, hardness, and electronic properties of the oxide layer, the thermal impact during the anodizing process as well as reduced energy consumption. In spite of the considerable improvements, the understanding of basic mechanisms and the specific impact of the applied pulse parameters are still under discussion. Herein, the local development of the electrolyte concentration during pulse anodizing in sulfuric acid is investigated by means of finite element computations. The impact of the thickness of the porous oxide, the applied current density, and the pulse frequency are examined systematically. The results suggest that the electrolyte concentration at the oxide/electrolyte interface can be effectively controlled by applying tailored pulse parameters.     

微含水量电解液中高管径比TiO2纳米管阵列的制备

通过阳极氧化法在微含水量为0.5wt%的NH₄F/乙二醇/H₂O酸性电解质体系中制备了管径大、高管径比的二氧化钛（TiO₂）纳米管阵列。采用SEM、XRD等测试手段对TiO₂纳米管阵列形貌及晶相进行表征,探讨了不同氧化时间、电压对纳米管阵列形貌的影响,微含水量下氧化电压可以适当增加,更容易得到规整的长纳米管阵列;通过测定样品的光电流和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱,研究分析了含水量以及超声工艺对纳米管光吸收及光电流特性,微含水量下得到的纳米管阵列可见光吸收边红移至420nm,对480~700nm可见光有明显的光吸收,光电流显著增大;丙酮作为超声介质可有效去除纳米管阵列表面的集束,能进一步提高纳米管阵列的光电性能。     

几种稀土盐封闭的铝阳极氧化试样的腐蚀行为

为提高铝硫酸阳极氧化膜的抗污染和防腐蚀性能，分别采用环境友好的铈盐、钇盐和镧盐溶液对阳极氧化膜进行了封闭处理。采用动电位极化法比较了不同稀土盐封闭的铝阳极氧化试样在弱酸性NaCl腐蚀介质中的电化学行为，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散谱（EDS）对封闭试样腐蚀前后的表面形貌、组成进行了表征。结果表明：在腐蚀介质的侵蚀及强电化学极化条件下，铈盐和镧盐封闭的阳极氧化膜对铝基体具有较好的保护作用，而钇盐封闭膜的保护作用则较差。这种差别的主要原因是不同稀土盐封闭过程中封闭产物的析出倾向及速率不同。     

A tracer investigation of chromic acid anodizing of aluminium

A tungsten tracer introduced into a sputtering‐deposited aluminium substrate was employed to investigate pore development in anodic films formed at 3 mA cm^?2 in 0.25 M chromic acid electrolyte at 313 K. The anodized specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with compositions of films determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The anodic films were found to be similar in thickness to that of the aluminium layer consumed during anodizing and revealed the feathered pore morphology that is a characteristic of the electrolyte. The anodizing efficiency was ～45–48%, with tungsten tracer species, in addition to aluminium species, being lost to the electrolyte at the pore base. These findings, together with the relatively uniform distribution of tungsten species within the film, are consistent with field‐assisted dissolution of the alumina playing a major role in the development of pores. The films contrast with those formed in phosphoric and sulphuric acid electrolytes, for which feathering of pores is absent, the tracer distribution is inverted and the film thickness exceeds that of the consumed metal, features indicative of the influence of material flow in pore development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discovery by kinetic studies of the latent physicochemical processes and their mechanisms during the growth of porous anodic alumina films in sulfate electrolytes

The kinetics of growth of porous anodic alumina films in pure H₂SO₄, in mixtures of H₂SO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ and in Al(HSO₄)₃, NaHSO₄ and KHSO₄ electrolytes were studied. The latent physicochemical processes at the pore base surface/electrolyte interface, across the barrier layer, inside the metal/oxide interface and at the pore wall surface/electrolyte interface and their mechanisms were revealed. High field strength equations were formulated describing the ionic migrations from the pore base surface. These showed that, at constant current density and temperature, the inverse of the pore base square diameter depends linearly on the inverse of the H⁺ activity in the anodizing solution and that this diameter increases with H⁺ activity, in agreement with the experimental results. The mechanism of electrolyte anion incorporation inside the barrier layer and the real distribution of the anion concentration across both the barrier layer and pore walls were deduced. The effects of the different kinds and concentrations of the electrolyte anions and cations on both the above processes and their mechanisms were also examined. Electronic Publication